Net Zero Energy/Eco Footprint Initiative (NZEF) Initiative @ OU

1. An invitation to be a member of the NZEF Learning Community Net Zero Energy/Eco Footprint Initiative(NZEF) Initiative @ OU Steering Committee NZEF OU Lee Fithian Petra Klein Farrokh Mistree (Chair) Zahed Siddique Musharraf Zaman ASPIRE2020 Action Committee 2 June 2, 2010 Points of ContactMusharraf Zaman<zaman@ou.edu> Farrokh Mistree<farrokh.mistree@ou.edu>

2. Context • NZEF Learning Community • Anchored in the “sharing to gain” construct … • First meeting September 3, 2009 … Culture Engagement NC-HSC-Tulsa Crosscutting Themes NC Theme 3 NET-ZERO ENERGY INITIATIVE NC Theme 2 Competitiveness • Focus for today • Overview of the NZEF Initiative • NZEF and ASPIRE 2020 • Opportunities • Invitation to participate 2

3. NZEF - Overview

4. Net Zero Energy/Eco Footprint Initiative (NZEF) • Foundational constructs that underlie the transformative vision aimed at attaining sustainable solutions … • Eco-resources (energy, water, light, waste, etc.) need to be managed and harvested efficiently … • The creation of intellectual capital, socio-cultural capital and economic capital are integral to enhancing the quality of life … • A multi-scale approach – from built systems (at the micro-level) to larger scale network for eco- and energy systems that work as a NZEF community … • Flexible, adaptable, and intelligent built systems that utilize eco-services to reduce consumption and generate/recover resources on-site … The NZEF Initiative embodies a transformative vision for improving the quality of life in built environments through efficient and on-site management of eco-services.

5. Aggregate community of intelligent, green buildings .. Micro Eco-Energy Farms Ecosystem Services at Smart Macro Network Level Ecosystem Services at the Community level Ecosystem services is an adaptation of natural system models to harness resource inputs and outputs for use by the built environment. Ecosystem Services at Building Level - High Performance Buildings

6. Rationale - Net Zero Energy Footprint … • In the United States, the buildings sector accounts for: • 40% of the primary energy use (Industry 32%; Transportation 28%) • 14% of potable water consumption • 40% of CO2 emission • 60% of all non-industrial waste • Projections indicate that 34 million new homes and 73 to 108 billion square feet (a 48% increase) of commercial space will be constructed between 2005 and 2030. • The Department of Energy (DoE) has identified that it is essential for the building sector to reduce consumption and waste in order for the U.S. to move towards energy independence and sustainable environmental systems. • Additionally, the American Institute of Architects has called for eliminating the carbon footprint of buildings by 2030. • Salient features • Intelligent buildings • Intelligent built communities / environments • Networked eco-system services – energy, water, waste, light, etc.

7. Funding Opportunities – Federal R & D Agenda – Building Technology Funding is available

8. A roadmap for ASPIRE – NZEF … Aspire 2020 – Launch July 2010 A bold vision and plan of action for the future of OU Research … a transformational exercise anchored in change in culture and engagement resulting in increased competitiveness that is anchored in the sharing to gain construct … 2010 - Net-Zero Energy Foot Print Working Group Membership from seven colleges … • Presentation to ASPIRE 2020 Action Committee 2 on June 2, 2010 @ 10AM in Dale 122 Dream Course Fall 2010 - ($20k from Provost’s Office) Net-positive Energy – Zero Footprint Biomorphic High Performance Buildings A biomorphic building ought to harness the ecosystem services available on-site, maintain equilibrium indoors and ultimately produce energy outputs. How do we transform our perception of building science and technology? • 2011 Spring - Scoping Workshop • 2011 Fall - Launch of OU Center for Net-Zero Energy/Eco Intelligent Building Communities • 2012 - Launch of 5 Year BS/MS Program in NZEF 2015 - NSF Engineering Research Center for High Performance Built Environments The NZEF community is committed to bringing a NSF Engineering Research Center for High Performance Built Environments that will leverage the intellectual capital of the participating universities, commercial, industrial, and investor communities, and the national labs to pursue high-risk, high-reward research that spans sticky technology.

9. NZEF and ASPIRE 2020 9

10. Bold transformations in intelligent buildings and communities of intelligent buildings … The buildings have to have form that will help harness the eco-services The current “closed” building envelope suggested by ASHRE needs to be rethought The building has to be intelligent to have Net Positive Energy/Eco Footprint A community of these buildings to form micro eco/energy networks

11. CoE Transformation in Culture - A Learning Community at OU CoA CAGS • Fundamental Transformations to be found as our Learning Community Coalesces • Sustainable • Net-Positive Energy/Eco and Zero Footprint CAS CoB CEdu CEE Innovations and new science in sustainable built communities Visual communication Heating and Cooling Energy Design Process Transformation Global Indigenous Dwellings Water New Social Interactions New Atmospheric Interactions Biomorphic/ Biomimetic Thermal Mass Human Factors New Technology Breakthrough Models Experiential Learning Lighting

12. Engagement …NZEF Transformations in Architecture, Business and Engineering • ASPIRE 2020 • Culture • Engagement • Competitiveness New marketing and information system paradigms in buildings Biomorphic buildings – Transformation in Engineering and Architecture New construction business models for biomorphic buildings New financial models for energy usage in buildings New thinking in eco & energy based economy Business and accounting model of new micro eco-farms Business and accounting model of new micro energy farms Biomorphic buildings – Transformation in Business

13. Engagement … NZEF Transformations in Architecture from Arts and Sciences • ASPIRE 2020 • Culture • Engagement • Competitiveness Intelligent biomorphic communities of buildings – Transformations in science, economics and culture …

14. Engagement … NZEF – A Global Perspective • ASPIRE 2020 • Culture • Engagement • Competitiveness Collaborative Education Collaborative Research NZEF Initiative at University of Oklahoma Faculty of Architecture, Technical University of Eindhoven Pan IIT (Indian Institute of Technology) – OU Legacy Initiative China (Possibility)

15. Competitiveness Our learning community is unique in that it has the capability to not only develop new forms and adaptive envelopes based on ecological models, but also to: • harness ecosystem service inputs and provide environmentally neutral outputs, • evaluate economic impacts as well as provide roadmaps for policy change • design healthy spaces that imbue meaning through psychological and sociological feedback • develop the communications and sensor systems for aggregate community function. • ASPIRE 2020 • Culture • Engagement • Competitiveness The implications for aggregate community function and its application to existing infrastructure is of advantage to both civilian and defense installations.

16. Competitiveness – Resources needed • Space and equipment • A community space • A studio (with workshop) for prototyping and supporting experiential learning • An interactive and high fidelity visualization facility • Access to high end computational resources • Etc. • Personnel … • A post-doc / non-tenure track faculty … • A development officer to raise money … • Access to media publicist and technicians … • Graduate students … • Seed funding … • Scoping workshop … • Travel for program development … • Graduate students … • Community building ,,, • Seminar series … • Summer support for faculty • Etc. • ASPIRE 2020 • Culture • Engagement • Competitiveness

17. NZEF – Crosscutting Opportunities 17

18. Opportunities OU scholars have expertise in areas needed to address research challenges of biomorphic building community The expertise and research interests of current members of the NZEF learning community are reflected in the flower The details are available at our NZEF website Communication, Sensors & Control Exterior Environment Social Interactions & Human Considerations Policy Modeling, Simulation and Visualization Interior Environment Experiential Learning Net Zero Energy/Eco Footprint Human-Building/ Community Interface Bio Form and Function Study Eco/Energy Harvesting & Recovery Historical & Anthropological Study of Dwelling Complex System & Platform Design Business and Economy http://designedu.ou.edu/NZEF/NZEF.html

19. NZEF – Invitation 19

20. Let us ASPIRE to create a NZEF Community … Adaptable open building envelope Individual behaviors vs. social / group behaviors Technology Acceptance Complex System and Platform Design Human-Building Interface Social Interactions and Human Considerations Conceptual Design Thrust 2 Design Decision Tailoring of light sources for non-visual response Human Factors Life-cycle impact Modeling, Simulation and Visualization of Biomorphic Buildings and Communities Thrust 3 multi-scale and multi-factor models

21. Invitation and Points of Contact … An invitation to be a member of the NZEF Learning Community • Architecture • Lee Fithian<leefithian@ou.edu> • Arts and Sciences • Zev Trachtenberg<ztrachtenberg@ou.edu> • Ingo Schlupp<schlupp@ou.edu> • Atmosphere and Geography • Petra Klein<pkklein@ou.edu> • Business • Chitru Fernando<cfernando@ou.edu> • Earth and Energy • Neil H. Suneson<nsuneson@ou.edu> • Education • Patricia Hardre <hardre@ou.edu> • Engineering • Zahed Siddique<zsiddique@ou.edu> • Invitation • Read Slides 24 through 33 and complete Slide 34. • Send Slide 34 to Zahed Siddique<zsiddique@ou.edu>. • Attend the NZEF Working Committee Brownbag Lunch Meetings. For information email. • Participate in ASPIRE 2020 Action Committee deliberations

22. Opportunities – Design, Modeling and Simulation for NZEFCoA, CoE, CAGS Context for NZEF Both macro and micro climate needs to be considered during the design of the buildings and the built communities for net-positive eco/energy foot print. New thinking in open building envelopes, to harness eco-system services, is needed for transformative change Customizable, flexible, and adaptable open building envelopes will have a broader national and international impact Uncertainty mitigation at the micro and macro level will allow the built environments to have net positive effect as a micro-eco/energy grid System level modeling and visualization to characterize interaction among the inner and our environment, health condition, and energy/eco impact over the life of the built environment Product Platforms and Families • Design, development, deployment of cost-effective, flexible energy efficient solutions • Product architectures and families of energy systems Life-cycle Impact • Development of multi-scale and multi-factor (physics) models to evaluate the impact of built environments • Development of simulation and testbed with a Building-in-the-Loop to analyze and verify impacts • Design and development of visualization techniques of models and analysis Adaptable Open Building Envelope • Design of building envelope, along with materials and components that will adapt to inside and outside climatic changes • Design and development of Net Positive platforms for buildings and communities to support customization • Design and development of interfaces (water, waste, energy, etc.) to establish micro eco/energy grids that are capable of addressing uncertainty

23. Opportunities – Human Considerations with the NZEF EnvironmentPoints of Contact: Randa Shehab and Chen Ling Context for NZEF Communication exchange between the occupants and the NZEF environment is critical for acceptance. The NZEF environment must be sensitive to the needs, wants, demands of the user. The user must have a sense of control (as needed) over the NZEF environment. Human-in-the-Loop design process considers human cognition at all stages of the design process. It will ensure that humans have an accurate mental model of the general NZEF construct as well as opportunity for effective and efficient interaction with NZEF systems. The NZEF environment exists to facilitate human work and comfort. Can humans facilitate the NZEF environment? Can human energy be harvested in an efficient, useful manner? Individually or as an occupant network? Technology Acceptance • Can occupants gain an accurate mental model of the NZEF environment? How important is that? • Do occupants trust NZEF environment? During normal activity? During extreme events? • Do occupants feel comfortable in NZEF environment? Is it distracting or inconspicuous? Occupant Contribution to NZEF • Energy consumption behavior • Efficient use of energy • Minimal use of energy • Energy contribution behavior • Physiological human energy? • Physical human energy? • Individual behaviors vs. social / group behaviors • Training Human-Building Interface • What is the appropriate balance between human control and automation? • Allocation of tasks to human vs. building? • Should automation be conspicuous or hidden from occupants? • What is the best means of communication?

24. Opportunities – Sustainable Building Energy Systems for NZEF Points of Contact: Li Song, Zahed Siddique and Farrokh Mistree Context for NZEF To achieve the goal of NZEF, building energy systems are desired to have minimal energy consumption and maximum onsite energy generation. Sustainable building energy system design should ensure net energy consumption is zero or positive. Thus the job of sustainable building design in NZEF should include energy efficiency enhancement of HVAC and lighting systems and onsite energy generation. HVAC---enhance equipment design and system design and operation Lighting--- Onsite energy generation---produce energy at building site to eliminate the transmission and distribution losses. Onsite Energy Generation • Energy production • Full utilization of all kinds natural resources (solar, wind, geothermal) • Building material integrated low cost/high efficiency phtovoltaics • Neighborhood-scale geothermal and solar heat pumps • Energy Storage • Improve electricity and thermal storage technologies for stable onsite energy supply. • Integrate the storage with grid for overall stability. HVAC • High COP HVAC equipment design • New environmental friendly refrigerants • Optimal system design • On-line fault detection and diagnosis • Unit level metering system

25. Opportunities - Communications for NZEF InitiativePoints of Contact: Samuel Cheng, Mohammed Atiquzzaman, Sridhar Radhakrishnan, and Pramode Verma Context for NZEF Communications in NZEF is more than passing information blindly. Sensor can be affected by outages and observation may be imperfect. Communication should ensure the true status of the whole community is reliably available to make intelligent decision. Thus the job of communication should include sensing, information passing (communication), and decision making/data interpretation. Sensing---environmental factors, temperature, fire humidity, leakage, appliance information, emergency situation and others Communication---intra-dwelling, intra-building, inter-building, community, outside world Decision making---point of action for interpreting sensed information and managing commands, efficient interface to control system. Communication • Network Classifications • Community Networking • Emergency Communication • Should be self configurable • Eco-system Communication • Stratified Requirement • High Bandwidth • High Reliability • Low Latency (Mission critical applications) • Potential Candidates for Consideration • Intra-dwelling: 802.11, 802.15 • Inter-building: FSO, WiMAX • Emergency: Satellite, others Decision Making/Data Interpretation • Source/channel coding used in classic point-to-point communication should combine with inference techniques in machine learning to optimize the fidelity/reliability given the allowed cost (in terms of energy/bandwidth/delay) • Correlation among sensor observations can be taken advantage for decision making/data interpretation • Data analysis and visualization Sensing • A common format for communicating sensed information must be defined • Home appliances • Electronic Equipment • A dwelling control unit (dcu) must wirelessly receive, interpret, and act as appropriate in response to received information • Interface control systems

26. Opportunities – Lighting and Energy Harvesting CoE, CAS, CoA Context for NZEF • In order for building or community to be “net zero”, it must be capable of harvesting a significant percentage of the energy that reaches it • A combination of energy sources must be integrated to maximize the generation of energy while mitigating the risk associated with fluctuations in renewable sources • Lighting represents an avenue for greatly reducing energy consumption and introducing new paradigms for human interaction • Must be closely coupled to efforts in communication, controls, environmental monitoring, and human factors in design of adaptive building structures Lighting • Design of new sources with improved efficiency • Thermal management for improved device lifetimes • Tailored color rendering and color temperature for nontraditional systems • Fixture design suitable for integration in adaptive buildings structures Human Factors • Role of new light sources in adaptive building structures • Tailoring of light sources for non-visual response • Health • Alertness • Seasonal Compensation • Monitoring response to new lighting appearance and effect on human behavior Energy Harvesting Improved collection methods • Solar • Wind • Waste Heat • Modeling approaches • Weather modeling • Sensors • Controls system to maximize return and energy usage

27. Opportunities - Architecture for NZEF Initiative Point of Contact: Lee Fithian Context for NZEF Ecosystem services is an adaptation of natural system models to harness resource inputs and outputs for use by the built environment. Biomorphology is the application of biomimicry to both fabrication processes and form generation . Work should include material development and envelope design as it relates to biologically imitative models evolving through generative modeling as well as micro-data relating to ecological resources, the exploration of digital fabrication techniques as they relate to adaptive biomimetic form. Built Systems---dwelling, whole building, aggregate community Decision making--the conceptual design process as transformed by environmental factor influences on form- wind, solar, water and integrated with generative modeling • Internal Building Systems • Building Services • Power • Ventilation • Waste • Water • Requirements • Balanced Supply/Demand • Community Integration for makeup resources • Candidates • Ecosystem resources • Natural System waste treatment • Adaptive Morphological Form Decision Making • Building level micro-climate data used in urban meteorology should combine with conceptual design generative modeling techniques to create optimized form allowing for greater energy efficiencies and generate building system resources • Correlation among data availability and resource utilization can be taken advantage of for decision making/conceptual design of form and space Ecosystem Harnessing • A decision framework for utilizing ecosystem resources for building services • Microclimatic data for ecosystem information available at the building interface • Design Tools that allow morphologies to reflect optimized form applying generative biomimetic techniques in order to increase inputs available to the built environment

28. Opportunities – the Business of NZEF Solutions Point of Contact: Chitru Fernando Context for NZEF Consumer attitudes – economists and policymakers have been puzzled by the consumer resistance to changes in energy use patterns and habits even when such changes are in a consumer’s economic self-interest. Much more work is needed to understand these behaviors and how to overcome them. NZEF marketing and information systems – innovative marketing solutions, smart grids and other information systems, and other mechanisms designed to create transparency will enhance NZEF solutions NZEF financing – There’s plenty of scope for financial innovation in the NZEF context, from the standpoint of NZEF entrepreneurship, start-ups, restructuring public financing structures, etc. Carbon credits play a particularly important and novel role in the NZEF financing mix Financing • Private financing • Role of financial innovation in the NZEF context • NZEF entrepreneurship and early-stage financing • Public financing • Tax incentives and grant financing • Learning from the past • Federal and state policy context Carbon credits • Generation and certification of carbon offsets/credits • Benchmarking of credits • Certification of credits • Trading • Risk management • Carbon credits from the standpoint of the overall financing mix Consumer attitudes and information systems • Learning from the experiences with energy conservation and renewable energy use • Change management • NZEF marketing • NZEF information systems and smart grids

29. Opportunities – Water ……… A Critical NZEF Factor Point of Contact: Neil H. Suneson Context for NZEF Water is central to power, agriculture, and waste issues at local, regional, national, and international scales. To understand it involves science, engineering, geography, history, societal attitudes, economics, public policy, public health, the law, and other disciplines. It is truly interdisciplinary. Clean water is disappearing and humans are contaminating the remainder. Center for Aquifer Characterization – OU has a national reputation as an expert in another fluid – petroleum. This expertise should be leveraged and expanded upon to understand water-water and rock-water interactions in the subsurface, not only for extraction but for possible storage. Water-budget research designed to quantify rainfall – runoff – evapotranspiration – groundwater-recharge relations is being conducted at the CoCE but must be modeled for different climates, geographies, vegetation, and aquifer types. The relation between surface water and groundwater is hydrologic and legal; and the impact of scientific results on public perceptions and policy is poorly understood but critical for the proper utilization of a finite resource. The water wars have begun and Oklahoma will be a battlefield; critical questions must be answered to minimize damage. Agriculture • Sustainable usage • Impact of agribusiness on surface water and groundwater • Residential conservation, xeriscaping • Surface water – groundwater private-property vs. public rights Waste • Disposal of industrial wastes • Treatment of municipal wastes • Gray-water applications • Preservation and/or development of clean water resources Energy • Low-temperature geothermal power generation • Geothermal heat-pump applications • Hydroelectric power generation • Petroleum industry needs

30. Opportunities – Civil Infrastructure for NZEF Initiative Point of Contact: Chris Ramseyer Context for NZEF Biomorphic structures offer several interesting challenges for the civil engineer. For instance, how can the building envelope be designed to be more like a skin, cell membrane or pelt? i.e. provide protection from the environment, yet absorb or collect aspects of the environment that would enhance the living conditions within the structure. Possible research themes include the energy efficient, economical disposal of waste, improved local water management, adaptive structural framework and an interactive building envelope Waste Recovery & Reduction • Interconnected, simplified point of use anaerobic / aerobic septic systems coupled with gray water sub irrigation. Sized to the home or neighborhood • Reduction in waste during the construction phase due to improved use of local building resources. • Reduction yard waste and water use due to community planning, or xeriscaping Active Building Envelope • Structural System • Adaptive structural framework to adjust energy gathering and energy use patterns • Adjustable, possibly modular interior space that can grow as needed. • Building Envelope • Protect yet enhance the interior space • Interactive with energy use / needs. Water Harvesting, & Treatment • Building on the history of Oklahoma pioneers – community use of cisterns to help harvest rain water. Or the use of local neighborhood sized well systems. • Systems to Include treatment and distribution to the neighborhood. • Advantages include less water loss to the nations aging, massive distribution systems • Less chance of large scale contamination.

31. Opportunities – Control Systems for NZEF Initiative Chris Ramseyer and John Fagan Context for NZEF Biomorphic structures require a “central nervous system” i.e. a system of sensors and controls that allows the structure to interact with its environment. This system allows the structure to actively respond to changes in the environment and possible predict near term requirements. i.e. The structure could be designed so that in the spring and summer it would take cool night air and reduce the building temperature below the comfort zone so that by afternoon the air condition load would not be as great. In the Fall and Winter this would be replaced with a system that maximized heat gain. System of sensors and controls must be robust and stable and not prone to aliasing or environmental effects. • Cloud Computing • Use the cloud computing concept to reduce the cost of the control function. • Actual computational control may be remote from the structure. Though the system should continue to function even if connectivity to the “cloud” is lost. • One server or control system could handle the entire neighborhood. i.e. the local environment does not change appreciably in 1000 yards. Wireless or WAN System • Use of wireless or WAN system could decrease or remove all wiring costs. • Would allow the neighborhood wide cloud computing concept to be implemented rapidly • Allows for growth i.e. addition of more NZEF structures in close proximity • Need to research stability and ability to function when packets are dropped. Minimize the Control System • Reduce cost – Reduce complexity – Improve performance – Reduced energy requirements • Plug and play sensor and controller architecture • Embed low power parasitic sensors into the building envelope for aging studies • Development of adaptive or smart control systems for building support

32. Opportunities – Exploring the Intellectual Heritage of NZEF Points of Contact: Ingo Schlupp and Zev Trachtenberg Context for NZEF • Can see NZEF in longstanding historical context of humans’ efforts to manipulate their environment • [see proposed Aspire2020 theme: The Anthropogenic Landscape] • Traditionally, paradigm has been agricultural landscape, i.e. landscapes altered to provide for human survival; natural services brought under human management • Points to a collapse of the human/nature distinction, since involves manipulation of natural processes to adapt physical surroundings to human ends • NZEF can be seen as an intensification of this process—involves internalizing natural services provided by the landscape: engineering habitation as habitat Social/political dimensions of NZEF • Second nature is literally socially constructed: human effort to manipulate landscape is carried out by social groups • Social groups have political structure, hence manipulation of environment comes under political control • Seeing NZEF in this context raises question of social context and political authority in which such initiatives would be conducted—and how NZEF communities might transform social/political structures Nature as a “resultant” • Second nature idea works to collapse human/nature distinction—not just that humans are in nature, but more, that the physical environment humans inhabit is created by their efforts. • This understanding of the physical environment can be generalized to a broad conception of nature, according to which at nearly all terrestrial scales the physical environment is the resultant of organisms adapting their organic and inorganic surroundings Idea of “Second Nature” • “Second Nature” is term used since antiquity to denote human-created landscape • Cases studied in Geography, Environmental History, Anthropology • Concept studied in Geography, Environmental History, Philosophy

33. Opportunities – Experiential Learning Points of Contact: Patricia Hardre Context for NZEF • A workforce with proper competencies and meta-competencies is essential to support and sustain NZEF • Courses and curriculum founded in experiential learning will facilitate higher level of cognition, needed to support innovations and deeper understanding • Based on learning and motivational theory, what are proper ways to infuse experiential learning into existing curricula to develop student competencies for the innovation economy? • What steps can be taken so that students become accustomed to thinking along interdisciplinary lines in their approach to solving complex problems like NZEF? Courses and Curricula Development • Design of new courses based on experiential learning • Integration of NZEF in existing curricula • Development of new curricula on sustainability with intelligent buildings as a focus • Efficiently using building-in-the-loop testbed in education Research Questions • How can competencies of NZEF be translated into course elements? • What components of NZEF are most critical to achieve target workforce competencies (intelligent buildings)? • How can the building-in-the-loop testbed be most efficiently used in educational efforts? Competencies and Meta-competencies • Competencies and meta-competencies needed to support NZEF • Learning to be efficient contributors in a multi-disciplinary team • Experiential learning to develop innovation related competencies

34. Opportunities - ???????Names (academic Unit) Context for NZEF For example see Slides 24 through 33 Research Theme 2 • For example see Slides 24 through 33 Research Theme 3 • For example see Slides 24 through 33 Research Theme 1 • For example see Slides 24 through 33