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Development of NS-FFAG EMMA & PAMELA

Development of NS-FFAG EMMA & PAMELA. Takeichiro Yokoi. Particle physics. EMMA. -factory, muon source, proton driver. Particle therapy. Medical. PAMELA. Particle therapy, BNCT, X-ray source. FFAG. FFAG. ADSR. Energy. (PAMELA). FFAG. -factory. ADSR, Nucl. Transmutation.

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Development of NS-FFAG EMMA & PAMELA

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  1. Development of NS-FFAGEMMA & PAMELA Takeichiro Yokoi

  2. Particle physics EMMA -factory, muon source, proton driver Particle therapy Medical PAMELA Particle therapy, BNCT, X-ray source FFAG FFAG ADSR Energy (PAMELA) FFAG -factory ADSR, Nucl. Transmutation CONFORM (Construction of a Non-scaling FFAG for Oncology, Research and Medicine) aims to develop the Non-scaling FFAG as a versatile accelerator. (Project HP: www.conform.ac.uk) Introduction ... • FFAG(FixedFieldAlternatingGradient) Accelerator has an ability of rapid particle acceleration with large beam acceptance. wide varieties of applications

  3. It has never been built Already Constructed EMMA PoP FFAG(KEK) Scaling FFAG & Non-Scaling FFAG • Both have large acceptance and ability of fast acceleration * Acceleration speed of fixed field accelerator is unlimited • (in synchrotron, ramping speed of magnet limits the repetition rate) • Scaling FFAG • Similar orbit shape • Large beam excursion • Stable betatron tune • Combined function(Brk) • Non-Scaling FFAG • Non-similar orbit shape • Small beam excursion • (small path length variation) • Large tune change • Linear lattice (quadrupole etc)

  4. CONFORM : Construction of a Non-scaling FFAG for Oncology, Research andMedicine • Two main projects are going on ….. (1) EMMA: Construction of electron machine (prototype for muon accelerator) (2) PAMELA : Design study of NS-FFAG particle therapy facility ( Proton & Carbon ) PAMELA (PM: K.Peach) Rutherford Appleton Lab Daresbury Lab. Cockcroft Ins. Manchester univ. Oxford univ. John Adams Ins. Imperial college London Brunel univ. Gray Cancer Ins. Birmingham univ. FNAL (US) LPNS (FR) TRIUMF (CA) EMMA ( PM: R.Edgecock ) Rutherford Appleton Lab Daresbury Lab. Cockcroft Ins. Manchester univ. John Adams Ins. BNL (US) FNAL (US) CERN LPNS (FR) TRIUMF (CA) JAI team(alphabetical) J. Cobb, K. Peach, S. Sheehy, H. Witte T. Yokoi, (G.Morgan)

  5. Muon Acceleration EMMA: Electron Model for Many Applications • Electron NS-FFAG as a proof of principle is to be built as 3-year project.(host lab: Daresbury lab.) • It is a scaled-down model of muon accelerator for neutrino factory. • Research items are . . . • (1) Research of beam dynamics of NS-FFAG • (2) Demonstration of NS-FFAG as a practical accelerator • (3) Demonstration of fast acceleration with fixed frequency RF Number of Cell 42 (doublet Q) Circumference 16.57m 5m Injection energy 10~20MeV(variable) Extraction energy 10~20MeV(variable) RF 1.3GHz Acceptance 3mm(normalized)

  6. Baseline model Tracking Vertical tune EMMA development in Oxford Magnet design Tracking in 3D field Injection & Extraction

  7. photon proton Standard Protons Standard Photons PAMELA :Particle AcceleratorforMEdicaLApplications • Advantage of particle therapy : good dose concentration and better biological effectiveness • Advantage of FFAG : (1) Higher intensity (compared to ordinary synchrotron ) (2) Flexible machine operation ( compared to cyclotron ) (3) Simultaneous(multi-port) beam extraction PAMELA : design study of particle therapy facility for proton and carbon using NS-FFAG ( prototype or slow accelerating NS-FFAG  Many applications!!! Ex. ADSR )

  8. By G. Morgan Spot scanning PAMELA : Medical requirement • Simultaneous energy and intensity modulation is a requirement for flat dose distribution in spot scanning • Intensity modulation of 1/100 is required to achieve the dose uniformity of 2%. • 1kHz repetition can scan more than 100 voxel/sec  1 kHz repetition is a present goal (impossible for synchrotron) Medical requirements are now getting clear

  9. dx: 100µm(RMS) rf: 5kv/cell dx: 10µm(RMS) dx: 1µm(RMS) PAMELA : Beam Dynamics Challenges: Understanding the dynamics in resonance crossing Integer resonance Half integer resonance Beam blow up rate can be estimated quantitatively  Design Criteria for proton NS-FFAG is now in hand !! Field imperfection severely affects beam blow up in the resonance crossing

  10. ~2m By S. Sheehy PAMELA : Lattice Challenges: Tune stabilized NS-FFAG lattice Integer resonance crossing must be circumvented.  Tune-stabilization by introducing higher order multipole field is required One feasible option : Non-Linear NS-FFAG (simplified scaling FFAG) : B=B0 (R/R0)k B=B0 [1+k∆R/R0+k(k-1)/2 (∆R /R0 )2 ····] * Eliminating higher order multipole Long straight section (~2m) Small tune drift ( <1) Limited multipole (Up to decapole) Beam dynamics is being investigated Doable lattice option is now in hand !!

  11. 40cm ~17cm Sectapole Quadrupole Dipole Octapole Decapole PAMELA : Magnet Challenges: Large aperture, short length, strong field Superposition of helical field can form multipole field • Applicable to superconducting magnet • Well-controlled field quality • Present lattice parameters are within engineering limit  Feasible option for magnet by H.Witte

  12. Option 2 Energy Option 1 Energy time time 1ms PRISM RF (Osaka univ) PAMELA : Beam Acceleration Challenges : Fast enough, but more efficient ! Option 1: P Nrep2 Option 2: P Nrep 1ms (PV2) 1ms • Low Q cavity (ex MA) can mix wide range of frequencies • Multi-bunch acceleration is preferable from the viewpoint of efficiency and upgradeability PRISM rf (Osaka univ. , Japan) has similar specifications to PAMELA • Experiment using PRISM cavity is planned in this October • Beam acceleration experiment using real FFAG is also planned.

  13. H Resonance point v PAMELA : Beam Extraction Challenges: High intensity, Flexibility, and reliability • In scaling FFAG, vertical tune can be varied by changing relative field strength of bending magnets • Beam blow-up in half integer resonance can be used for resonant extraction • Fast extraction & energy variable slow extraction in fixed field accelerator !! (Ideal for practical application ex. ADS , Real Alternative of existing medium energy synchrotron ) extracted Lattice is under investigation

  14. EMMA • Lattice : fixed • Component designs : ongoing • Measurement of test magnet : on going • Design : to be completed by Jan 08 • Construction : to be completed by Jul 09 • + 1Year of beam study • EMMA • Lattice : fixed • Component designs : fixed • Measurement of test magnet : on-going • Design : fixed (production : on-going) • Construction : to be completed by Jul 09 • + 1Year of beam study Status & Schedules ... • PAMELA • Parameter specification : Almost fixed • Baseline design : by 2009 • Refining design, Funding : 2010 R&Ds : Prototype helical magnet, Prototype RF cavity Multi-bunch acceleration Resources : 1 FTE engineer • PAMELA • Parameter specification : Almost fixed • Baseline design : by 2009 • Refining design, Funding : 2010 R&Ds : Prototype helical magnet, Prototype RF cavity Multi-bunch acceleration Prototype Ring Resources : 1 FTE engineer

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