Deformation monitoring in Denmark – Danish initiatives

1. Deformation monitoring in Denmark – Danish initiatives J. F. Levinsen1, N. H. Broge1,2, C. Sørensen1,3,4, P. Marinkovic5, Y. Larsen6 Agency for Data Supply and Efficiency, Danish Ministry of Energy, Utilities and Climate, Copenhagen, Denmark Danish Ministry of Energy, Utilities and Climate, Copenhagen, Denmark DTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, KongensLyngby, Denmark Danish Coastal Authority, Danish Ministry of Environment and Food, Lemvig, Denmark PPO.Labs, den Haag, the Netherlands Norut, Tromsø, Norway Workshop: Supra‐National Ground Motion Service - J. F. Levinsen (jofle@sdfe.dk)

2. Aim of work Pilot study: Deliver basis of decision for establishment of operational service for S1-based deformation monitoring in Denmark Your experiences and input for optimizing the process are valuable! Workshop: Supra‐National Ground Motion Service - J. F. Levinsen (jofle@sdfe.dk)

3. Background Long history of in-situmeasurements: Precision leveling Repeats: 1885-1905, 1940-1953, 1986-1992 Zoom-in: Densenetwork. Example over Thyborøn: Three-yearrevisitcycle. Workshop: Supra‐National Ground Motion Service - J. F. Levinsen (jofle@sdfe.dk)

4. Background Long history of in-situmeasurements: GNSS Permanent stations (1998 ) Yearlyrevisitcycle (2007 ) Three-yearrevisitcycles(2004 ) Workshop: Supra‐National Ground Motion Service - J. F. Levinsen (jofle@sdfe.dk)

5. Background Mighty fine, but lowspatio-temporal resolution and spatialcoverage: Whathappens in-between?  InSAR! Terrafirma: Esbjerg a.o. Various analyses: ERS-2 (plotted), Envisat Workshop: Supra‐National Ground Motion Service - J. F. Levinsen (jofle@sdfe.dk)

6. Motivation • Previous sensors: Discontinuousacquisitions. Sentinel-1: • High spatio-temporal resolutionand highspatialcoverage; • Ensuredacquisitions ~2030; • Mean coherencemap: potential!  Great potential with freelyavailableCopernicus data! ContainsmodifiedCopernicusSentineldata 2015 - 2016 Workshop: Supra‐National Ground Motion Service - J. F. Levinsen (jofle@sdfe.dk)

7. Sentinel-1: First results First computations to analyse potential with S-1 …applicable for hotspotdetection? Twocomputations: Three sites: 2015 – 2016 Five sites: 2014 - 2016 Sites selected due to: In-situdata and localknowledgerevealingsignificantchanges. Implementation of EU flood’sdirective. Thyborøn Skive Aarhus Vejle Odense ContainsmodifiedCopernicusSentineldata 2015 - 2016 Aabenraa Workshop: Supra‐National Ground Motion Service - J. F. Levinsen (jofle@sdfe.dk)

8. Sentinel-1: First results March 2015 – March 2016  Higherspatialcoverage + hotspotdetection Thyborøn Odense ContainsmodifiedCopernicusSentineldata 2015 - 2016 Århus Workshop: Supra‐National Ground Motion Service - J. F. Levinsen (jofle@sdfe.dk)

9. Sentinel-1: First results Thyborøn: October 2014 – August 2016 Higherspatialcoverage  hotspotdetectionindeed  greatapplicability! ContainsmodifiedCopernicusSentineldata 2014 - 2016 Workshop: Supra‐National Ground Motion Service - J. F. Levinsen (jofle@sdfe.dk)

10. Pilot study: Project goal • Decision support for establishingoperational service for nationwidemapping Workshop: Supra‐National Ground Motion Service - J. F. Levinsen (jofle@sdfe.dk)

11. Wherearewenow? Workshop: Supra‐National Ground Motion Service - J. F. Levinsen (jofle@sdfe.dk)

12. … and whatliesahead? (I) • Publishtender (www.udbud.dk) to learnaboutrequirements for S1-based nationwidemapping: How to best approach task? Gainexperience for nationwidemapping. • Select winnerto deliver: Workshop: Supra‐National Ground Motion Service - J. F. Levinsen (jofle@sdfe.dk)

13. … and whatliesahead? (II) • End-user workshops: • Provide introduction to InSAR; • Present deformation rates; • Obtainfirstinsightintoneeds to deformation product. • Final identification of end-userneeds. • Investigateinitiativesregarding data infrastructure. • Develop business cases for segments in public/ private sectors. • Basis of decision for establishingoperational service. • If positive: Prepare EU tender. Challenges. Ex: Educationalbackgrounds; Believed/ actualneeds. Workshop: Supra‐National Ground Motion Service - J. F. Levinsen (jofle@sdfe.dk)

14. Conclusions and outlook • InSARgreatlyadvantageous to in-situ data: High spatio-temporal resolution and spatialcoverage↔economicsavings. • Denmark: • Project to learnaboutrequirements for operational, S1-based deformation monitoring. • Submission of first tender: Dec. 2016. • Basis of decision: Fall 2017. • Next step: EU tender to set up service. • Close collaboration with end-users to tailorproduct to specificneedincreaseseconomicsavings. Great effort to: • createawarenessof data + ensureunderstandingof measured signals; • ensureuse of data. • Othercountries with similarprojects: Significant data availability -- whatabout the biggerpicture? Workshop: Supra‐National Ground Motion Service - J. F. Levinsen (jofle@sdfe.dk)

15. Thankyou! The presentationcontainsmodifiedCopernicusSentinel data 2014-2016 The authorswouldlike to acknowledge ESA and the Copernicus programme for making data available. Workshop: Supra‐National Ground Motion Service - J. F. Levinsen (jofle@sdfe.dk)