MODIS Sensor Data For Crop Monitoring

1. MODIS Sensor Data For Crop Monitoring Guilherme Martin Torres

3. Group COSAN The company • 605 thousand Hectares • 18 producing unities • 2 refineries • 2 portuary terminals • 43 thousand employees • Grinding more than 40 millon tons of sugar cane, produce 3.1 millon tons of sugar and 1,5 billon liters of alcohol. • The biggest producer of sugar and alcohol in Brazil and one of the biggest in the world • The biggest company to export alcohol and the second in sugar in the world

4. Group COSAN Unities Piracicaba Region Jaú Region Usina Benálcool Bento de Abreu (SP) Araraquara Region Araçatuba Region Usina Mundial, Mirandópolis (SP) Usina Univalem, Valparaíso (SP) Usina Serra, Ibaté (SP) Usina Tamoio, Araraquara (SP) Usina Diamante, Jaú (SP) Usina Barra, Barra Bonita (SP) Usina Dois Córregos, Dois Córregos (SP) Usina São Francisco, Elias Fausto (SP) Usina Ipaussu, Ipaussu (SP) Usina Bonfim, Guariba (SP) Usina Rafard, Rafard (SP) Usina Junqueira, Igarapava (SP) Usina Santa Helena, Rio das Pedras (SP) Usina Costa Pinto, Piracicaba (SP) Usina Gasa, Andradina (SP) Usina Destivale, Araçatuba (SP) Usina Bom Retiro, Capivari (SP)

5. Group COSAN Unities spacial distribution

6. Group COSAN Developed Activities • Spectral analysis • Soil cover classification • Elaboration of thematic maps • Supervize biometrics measurements

7. Project Objectives Application of MODIS spectral data to: Monitoring sugar cane development through the season. Relation to bio-physics parameters. Relation with yield.

8. Introduction Brazil`s Sugar and Alcohol Agribusiness Importance • Moves: $ 19 billion • Generate: 4 millon jobs • Involves: 72 mil farmers • Process:420millon tons of sugar cane • Produce: 30 millon tons of sugar and 17 billon liters of alcohol • Export: 19 millon tons of sugar and 3 billon liters of alcohol • Collect: $ 6 billon in taxes and fees • Invest: $ 3 billon per year • About 85% of Brazil`s sugar and ethanol production is concentrated at the Center-South region. • Brasil is leader on sugar and ethanol export Source: PROCANA – SF 2006/2007

9. Sugar Cane General Characteristics Photoperiod: 10 to 14 hours Optimun Temperature: 71 to 86°F Latitudes 35°N to 30°S C4 Plant Semi-perene Solar radiation Sugar, alcohol and eletric energy LAI CO2 absortion Sugar acummulation in the stem

10. Sugar Cane Evolutive Cycle 1 year crop Harvest Veg. growth Maturation Planting 1.5 year crop Reduced growth Maturation Harvest Veg. growth Source: Adapted from ALFONSI et al. (1987).

11. Water Balance, Evapotranspiration And The Effect On Plant Growth Water balance: what it is? Rain Evapotranspiration • Effect of water defict: • Limits Foliar area • Limits number of leaves • Reduce new leaves emission • Foliar Abscission • Reduce size and growth • Reduce yield  ARM CapilarMovement Drainage Source: File from class – MeteorologiaAgrícola – Prof. Sentelhas

12. Spectral Behavior Leaves • Composition, morphology and internal structure • Health aspects • Climatics conditions • Genetics characteristics Pigments content and physiologic structure • Leaf Thickness • Senescence Age and maturation

13. Spectral Behavior Leaves Water Absorption Chlorophyll Absorption Spectral profile of a typical healthy green leaf. Source: AdaptedfromSwain, P.H.and Davis S.M (1978)

14. Spectral Behavior Leaves Wave lenth Reflectance curve of corn leaves with different water contents. Source: Material from Comportamento Espectral de Alvos, INPE (2002).

15. MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) Characteristics • Instruments aboard of Terra satellite (1999 ) and Aqua satellite (2002) (NASA). • Objective: continued global monitoring of the earth surface. • Range of spatial coverage: 2.330 km of width • Atmospheric corrections and image georreferencing • Spectral resolution: • Bands 1-7 : terrestrial applications; • Bands 8-16 : oceanics observations • Bandas 20-36 (exception to band 26) : spectral termal portion

16. Modis (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) Características Resolution (m) • Spacial Resolution : 250m 500m and 1km • Temporal Resolution : revisit time Blue Green Red NIR MIR source: NASA website. System Passage at the Equador Interval (days) Fonte: Adaptada de Schowengerdt (1997).

17. EVI (Enhanced Vegetation Index) • Optimize the vegetation signal • Higher sensibility in regions with dense biomass • Reduction from atmospheric influencies • Sensible to varitaions at the canopy structre, LAI • L is a soil adjust factor; • C1 and C2 are coefficients to adjust the effect of atmopheric aerosols

18. Materials and Methods Images Treatment • Images from MODIS sensor : resolution 250m, frequency 16 days • Central Coordenates: 25°09’ S and 49°76’ W (tile h13v11) - SP • Period : january 2004 to march 2008 • Projection system: UTM, datum WGS 84 • Softwares : • TNT mips • Ldope (QA) • MRT ( Modis Reprojection Tool) • Criation of masks : clouds and cities • Extraction of spectral data

19. Material and Methods Quality Assurance Pixel Reliability. VI Quality

20. Materials and Methods Study #1 • 4 meso-regions • Araraquara, Araçatuba, Jaú and Piracicaba • Meteorological data: • Unesp/ Ilha Solteira • Unesp / Jaboticabal • Instituto Agronômico de Campinas / Jaú • Esalq / USP • Calculate evapotranspiration : Penman-Monteith and Thornthwaite • Studied area : cultivated sugar cane in São Paulo State

21. Materials and Methods Study #1 Area of sugar cane cultivated in São Paulo in 2007. Fonte : CanaSat (INPE)

22. Materials and Methods Study #1 Vectors from 12 meso-regions over a EVI map using MODIS sensor

23. Materials and Methods Study #1 Area of interest : regions of Araçatuba, Araraquara, Jaú and Piracicaba

24. Materials and Methodos Study #2 • Comercial fields from the regions of Piracicaba, Jaú and Araçatuba • Unities : • Costa Pinto,Bom Retiro, Santa Helena, Rafard, São Francisco • Barra, Dois Córregos, Diamante, • Destivale, Mundial, Gasa e Univalem • Biometrics: parameters (stem and cabbage lenth and weight, number of plant/m) • Ton/ha (TCH – Biometrics) • Relation : • EVI vs. Yield • EVI * H cana vs. Yield

25. Materials and Methods Study #2 Study Area

26. Materials and Methodos Study #2 Interest area in details: own sugar cane fields – region of Araçatuba, Jaú and Piracicaba

27. Results and discution Study# 1 – Multi-temporal spectral analysis • Crop year : 2004/2005, 2005/2006, 2006/2007 and 2007/2008

28. Relation EVI vs. Water Balance. • Factors affecting EVI • Cultivation effect • Maturation • Increasing number of senescent leaves • Increasing straw residue • Lower photossinthetic activity • Period of low precipitaion during winter (April to August)

29. Resultados e discussion Study #2 – EVI, EVI*H and yield EVI EVI EVI

30. Results and discussion Study# 2 – EVI, EVI*H and yield Relation between EVI and EVI*height and yield for all data collected.

31. Conclusion • Correlation between spectral data and sugar cane yield • Monitoring the crop evoluion on a regional scale • Satisfactories R² (EVI vs. Productivity) • Reduced number of samples • Limited pixel resolution • Influence of other types of vegetation and others elements present at the images • Revisit period • Clouds • Cost = zero

32. Obrigado