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Refraction, Lenses, & Sight

Explore the concepts of refraction, lenses, and sight to gain a deeper understanding of how light behaves and its role in our vision. Learn about topics such as index of refraction, dispersion, rainbows, image formation by lenses, and common eye conditions like myopia and hypermetropia.

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Refraction, Lenses, & Sight

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  1. Refraction, Lenses, & Sight

  2. Refraction • The change in direction of a wave as is crosses the boundary between two media in which the wave travels at different speeds.

  3. Index of Refraction

  4. Snell’s Law

  5. Index of Refraction

  6. Dispersion • The separation of light into colors arranged according to their frequency, by interaction with a prism or diffraction grating.

  7. Rainbows • White light separates into different colors (wavelengths) on entering the raindrop because red light is refracted by a lesser angle than blue light. On leaving the raindrop, the red rays have turned through a smaller angle than the blue rays, producing a rainbow.

  8. Lenses

  9. Converging Lens

  10. Rules For Converging Lenses • Any incident ray traveling parallel to the principal axis of a converging lens will refract through the lens and travel through the focal point on the opposite side of the lens. • Any incident ray traveling through the focal point on the way to the lens will refract through the lens and travel parallel to the principal axis. • An incident ray which passes through the center of the lens will in effect continue in the same direction that it had when it entered the lens.

  11. Image Formation by Converging Lens

  12. Diverging Lens

  13. Rules For Diverging Lenses • Any incident ray traveling parallel to the principal axis of a diverging lens will refract through the lens and travel in line with the focal point (i.e., in a direction such that its extension will pass through the focal point). • Any incident ray traveling towards the focal point on the way to the lens will refract through the lens and travel parallel to the principal axis. • An incident ray which passes through the center of the lens will in effect continue in the same direction that it had when it entered the lens.

  14. Diverging Lens Image Formation Always Virtual, Smaller, and Right-Side Up

  15. The Human Eye

  16. The Human Eye

  17. Normal Eye Focus

  18. Near-Sighted (Myopia)

  19. Far-Sighted (Hypermetropia)

  20. Astigmatism • Cornea is oval shaped instead of spherical. This causes light to focus on two or more spots.

  21. LASIK Laser-assisted In Situ Keratomileusis

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