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Unit 2. Colonization of Georgia. Background (Do not write). British had claimed the land in GA in 1663. In 1717, Britain finally makes plans to settle GA.
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Unit 2 Colonization of Georgia
Background (Do not write) • British had claimed the land in GA in 1663. • In 1717, Britain finally makes plans to settle GA. • Sir Robert Montgomery wanted to create a paradise colony called “Margravate of Azilia,” which would grow several crops (coffee, tea, currants, olives, rice, almonds, and silk). • Montgomery planned to give land gold, silver, and other precious stones to those who moved to this “paradise.” • Montgomery’s plans, as well as other plans, to settle GA were not successful. • In the late 1720s, James Oglethorpe began to talk about a colony for the “working poor.”
James Edward Oglethorpe • Born in London in 1696. • Came from an educated and wealthy family. • In 1722, he became a member of Parliament’s House of Commons. • Studied prison reform. • Wanted to help people • worked to improve prison conditions and let thousands go free. • Worked on a plan with 19 other people that promised a fresh start for the “unfortunate but worthy individuals.”
The Dream Becomes Reality • In 1730, Oglethorpe and 21 men asked King George II for land “southwest of Carolina for settling poor persons of London.” • British colonies had two main reasons: • 1. to have a balanced trading policy. • 2. protect/defend against the French, Spanish, and Native Americans.
The Dream (cont.) • Oglethorpe’s group proposes that: • They will defend against the Spanish (in Florida) and the French (in the west). • Would trade goods with the Native Americans for profit. • Would produce silk, cotton dyes, and wine. • Would offer religious freedom.
The Charter of 1732 • On June 7, 1732 King George II granted a charter to Oglethorpe. • The charter made Oglethorpe’s group of 21 men trustees in order to manage GA for 21 years. • Trustees – people who hold responsibility on behalf of others. • Charter – a legal document that grants special rights and privileges.
The Charter of 1732 • Rules of the charter: • Trustees could not own land, hold political office, receive money for work, or pass laws unless the king agreed. • Trustees worked around some of the rules by having a governor and by using regulations. • Regulations – government orders, instead of laws. • Papists (Catholics), Blacks, liquor dealers, and lawyers could not become colonists.
Paragraph Essay • Describe James Oglethorpe’s reason for establishing a new colony. Discuss the conditions of the Charter of 1732.
Tomochichi • Chief of the Yamacraw Indians. • Important role in creating peace between Europeans and Native Americans. • Helped Native Americans peacefully negotiate. • Became good friends with Oglethorpe. • Died in 1739.
Mary Musgrove • Daughter of an English trader and a Creek Indian. • Helped maintain peace between Native Americans and GA colonists (British). • Was an interpreter for Oglethorpe.
Savannah • Savannah, GA was founded in 1733. • The last British colonial capital in America. • Designed by Oglethorpe. • Built using connected neighborhoods and squares. • Each neighborhood, square, ward, and garden lot was of equal size and arranged in repeating patterns. • Commons (public lands owned by the city) surrounded Savannah.
The Trustee Period • The colonists accepted James Oglethorpe as their leader. • He got grants of land • Signed treaties with the Native Americans • Built a fort • Formed a militia (citizen army). • Most of the colonists were artisans (craftsmen) and notused to the hard physical demands of establishing the colony.
The Salzburgers • Arrived in GA in 1734. • Brought by Captain George Dunbar. • Were banished from Salzburg because they were Protestant. • King George II decided to support the Salzburgers and offered an invitation to GA. • Est. the town of Ebenezer “The Rock of Help.” • In 1736, they move the town and est. New Ebenezer.
The Moravians • Arrive in GA in 1735. • Protestant missionaries from Bohemia. • Wanted to unite Christians and convert non-Christians. • Their community was unsuccessful.
The Malcontents • Highland Scots also brought to GA by George Dunbar. • Founded Darien in 1736. • Trustees did not aid the Malcontents due to their wealth. • Paid for their own voyage • Wanted to purchase more land • Wanted to enslave people • Resented the British trustees rules and regulations
Discontent and War • Colonists began to resist Oglethorpe’s new regulations: • Buying rum was against the law • Alcohol could not be used in trade with the Native Americans • Trade with Native Americans was to be watched carefully • Slavery was not allowed.
Answer the Following Questions: • 1. (p.120) Where or who did Oglethorpe get the design for the city of Savannah from? • 2. (p.121) Describe the medical problems that the new colonists faced. • 3. (p.121-122) Who were the Salzburgers and what did they accomplish? • 4. (p.122-123) Briefly describe Oglethorpe’s and Tomochichi’s visit to Britain. How were they received? What was the result of the visit? • 5. (p. 124) What were Oglethorpe’s beliefs towards slavery? How did the issue of slavery lead to discontent among the colonists?
The Spanish Threat • Britain builds Fort Frederica to protect the colony. • British colonists are unsuccessful in attacking St. Augustine (The War of Jenkins’s Ear 1740). • The Spanish finally forced to retreat after the Battle of Bloody Marsh (1742).
Spanish Threat/Invasion Questions • 1. (p. 124) Who served in Oglethorpe’s army of two thousand men? • 2. (p. 125) State the significance of the Battle of Bloody Marsh.
The End of the Trustee Colony • Oglethorpe remained on the board of trustees until 1750. • In 1752, the British Government did not renew funding for the colony. • Trustees turned over power to the British Crown • GA became a royal colony
A Last Look at the Trustee/Charter Colony • Read page 128 together.
Royal Georgia • The Trustee period was officially over in 1752. • However, GA did not get its first governor (John Reynolds) until 1754. • The Crown of England now oversaw the control of GA. • GA does very well as a royal colony (exports rice, indigo, deerskins, lumber, beef, and pork).
Royal Colony Questions • 1. (p. 142) What is the difference between a proprietary colony and a royal colony? • 2. (p. 142) How was Governor Reynolds’ idea of governing different than the trustees? Want did the trustees not allow the colonists to do? • 3. (p. 142) Describe the new government of GA.
Land Grants • Settlers who came to the colony by way of the Trust’s charity were limited to 50 acres of land. • People who paid their way could have up to 500 acres. • They had to have at least one family member or one servant for every 50 acres (rule helped ensure that enough men were available to defend the colony). • Only men could own land • Settlers began to protest because they wanted their wives or daughters to be able to inherit their land.
Warm-up #7 • What is the difference between a proprietary colony and a royal colony?
Slavery • During the Trustee period, Georgia’s laws prohibited slavery. • In 1750, the slavery ban was lifted. • After the slave ban was lifted, life changed in the colony. • Slavery changed the economy of the region, plantations grew larger as thousands of slaves were brought to GA. • Between 1750 and 1775, the number of African slaves in GA increased from 500 to 18,000.
Slavery (cont.) • African slaves had no rights. • Slaves: • Could not marry • Could not live where they wanted • Could not learn to read • Lived and worked in harsh conditions • Punishment included whippings, beatings, separation from friends and families, and death.
