The Civil War

1. The Civil War October 14, 2013

2. Beginnings • The United States had been slowly moving toward war for most of the early 1800s • Things began spiraling out of control after _______________ was elected president in _____ • ________________ seceded from the Union on December 20, 1860 • They were quickly followed by Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Louisiana, and Texas within the next two months.

3. The Confederacy • What had been the southern United States formed the ______________________ on February 9, 1861 • At first, the _____ was trying to ____________ negotiate a reunion of the U.S. • However, on ______________, Fort Sumter, a Northern-held fort in South Carolina was fired on by the South, and the war begins • Virginia then secedes, followed by Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina • There are now ____ states in the Confederacy

4. Union vs. Confederate

5. Union Blockade • When the war started, the Union strategy was to __________ (obstruct) all Confederate _________ • This would prevent the South from ________________________ anything through its ports • Lincoln issued the blockade on April 19, 1861 • However, Union ships were no match for ______________________ • These were private ships that would zip in and out of the blockade bringing much needed supplies • The blockade took its toll, though • Soon it was difficult to get ______ supplies, _____________ items, ____________ supplies, or ___________________ replacement parts

6. Union Blockade

7. The Battle of Bull Run • Many in the North believed that the South would cave early and the war would be over quickly • However, the Battle of _____________ proved that the South was not going to back down • The _____ suffered heavy losses at Bull Run, Virginia, and were forced to _______ to Washington, D.C. • After this, President Lincoln realized that the war would be _________ than anyone previously thought

8. The Battle of Antietam • By ______, Confederate troops, under the command of General ________________, were moving into ______ territory • On Sept. 17, 1862 they met Union forces at _________________, in Sharpsburg, Maryland • This was the first ___________ of the North by General Lee, and it was ____ successful • It was the bloodiest one-day battle of the Civil War, (23,000 killed, wounded, or missing) and ________________ troops were forced to ________ to Virginia

9. The Emancipation Proclamation • The major Confederate loss at Antietam allowed President Lincoln to issue the _________________________, which would _____ all _______ as of _____________________ • Lincoln wanted the Confederate states to ____ the war, and he believed that the Proclamation, along with their major losses, would push them to ___________ • President Lincoln gave the Confederacy a ________: _____ the war right away and ______ their slaves, or keep fighting and _______ their slaves • The South chose to _______ • Most slaves, however, were not freed until the ______ of the war

10. The Battle of Gettysburg • The Battle of ______________(arguably the most famous of the war), marked a turning point in the war for both sides • It was fought _______________ in _____________, and resulted in a ______ victory that ended General Lee’s second invasion of the North • Lee was again forced to _______ to Virginia and things were never again the same for the Confederacy • ________ forces began to ______ more and more battles, while ______________ forces lost moral and the ______ to fight

11. The Battle of Vicksburg • One day after Gettysburg, the town of ____________________, surrendered to the Union troops • The town, which lies on the Mississippi River, had been a major Confederate ___________ • This Union victory gave them control of the ____________, and ______ the Confederacy in two, separating them at the river

12. The Battle of Chickamauga • By late _____, Union troops were moving farther and farther ______, almost into Georgia • On ____________________, Union troops encountered Confederate troops at __________________, just south of the Tennessee border in Georgia • It was a ______________ victory, forcing the Union back into Tennessee • However, by __________, the Union had brought more troops and began advancing into Georgia

13. Georgia’s Role in the War • By the start of the war, ________ (now Georgia’s capital), was a major _________ and _____________ center in the South • Several different ________ crossed through the city, making Atlanta important in getting ______ and _________ to the battle front • Union leaders knew that if Atlanta was captured, then that would effectively end the Confederate war effort

14. The Atlanta Campaign • In early _____, 112,000 Union troops, under the leadership of General _________________, were camped in Chattanooga, TN, just across the Georgia/Tennessee border • During the late spring and early summer, General Sherman moved his troops __________, clashing time and again with Confederate troops, but always slowly moving towards _________

15. The Atlanta Campaign

16. The Battle of Atlanta • On ____________, General Sherman finally reached the city of Atlanta • He encountered Confederate troops under the leadership of General John B. Hood • The battle continued off and on for two months, and losses were heavy on both sides, but Sherman eventually _________ Atlanta on _________________

17. The Burning of Atlanta • After Sherman captured the city, he and his soldiers stayed for ___ months • On _________________, they destroyed the __________ and _________ by setting fire to them • They then marched out on Sherman’s infamous “March to the Sea”

18. Sherman’s March to the Sea • The army moved quickly to ___________, burning everything in a path 60 miles wide • They destroyed all ________ targets and farms, homes, railroads, and bridges that ___________ the Confederate army • They took a little over ___ month to get to Savannah, arriving on ____________________ • Sherman took over the city the next day, cutting off the Confederate army in Virginia from its southern suppliers

19. Sherman’s March to the Sea

20. End of the War • After the loss of Atlanta and Savannah, the Confederate war effort ___________ to keep going • Abraham Lincoln had been ____________ to a second term as president in 1864 • The only Confederate troops left were Lee’s troops in Virginia, and a small group in North Carolina • They tried _____ more time to fight in March 1865, but failed • On _______________, the Confederacy surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse in ____________________ • 5 days later, Abraham Lincoln was shot at Ford’s Theatre • He died the next day

21. Questions • 1) After secession, what was the name of the new country formed by the South? • 2) When did the Civil War start? Where? • 3) What was the Union blockade? • 4) Who was the commander of Confederate troops at Antietam? • 5) What did the Emancipation Proclamation do? • 6) When was the Battle of Gettysburg? Who won? • 7) Why were Georgia and Atlanta important to the Confederate war effort? • 8) Who commanded Union troops during the Atlanta Campaign? • 9) When did Sherman finally capture Atlanta? • 10) Why do you think Sherman burned Atlanta before he left? • 11) Where did the March to the Sea end? • 12) When did the Confederacy surrender? • 13) How did Abraham Lincoln die?

22. Questions • 1) After secession, what was the name of the new country formed by the South? • 2) When did the Civil War start? Where? • 3) What was the Union blockade? • 4) Who was the commander of Confederate troops at Antietam? • 5) What did the Emancipation Proclamation do? • 6) When was the Battle of Gettysburg? Who won? • 7) Why were Georgia and Atlanta important to the Confederate war effort? • 8) Who commanded Union troops during the Atlanta Campaign? • 9) When did Sherman finally capture Atlanta? • 10) Why do you think Sherman burned Atlanta before he left? • 11) Where did the March to the Sea end? • 12) When did the Confederacy surrender? • 13) How did Abraham Lincoln die?

23. Questions • 1) After secession, what was the name of the new country formed by the South? • 2) When did the Civil War start? Where? • 3) What was the Union blockade? • 4) Who was the commander of Confederate troops at Antietam? • 5) What did the Emancipation Proclamation do? • 6) When was the Battle of Gettysburg? Who won? • 7) Why were Georgia and Atlanta important to the Confederate war effort? • 8) Who commanded Union troops during the Atlanta Campaign? • 9) When did Sherman finally capture Atlanta? • 10) Why do you think Sherman burned Atlanta before he left? • 11) Where did the March to the Sea end? • 12) When did the Confederacy surrender? • 13) How did Abraham Lincoln die?

24. Questions • 1) After secession, what was the name of the new country formed by the South? • 2) When did the Civil War start? Where? • 3) What was the Union blockade? • 4) Who was the commander of Confederate troops at Antietam? • 5) What did the Emancipation Proclamation do? • 6) When was the Battle of Gettysburg? Who won? • 7) Why were Georgia and Atlanta important to the Confederate war effort? • 8) Who commanded Union troops during the Atlanta Campaign? • 9) When did Sherman finally capture Atlanta? • 10) Why do you think Sherman burned Atlanta before he left? • 11) Where did the March to the Sea end? • 12) When did the Confederacy surrender? • 13) How did Abraham Lincoln die?

25. Questions • 1) After secession, what was the name of the new country formed by the South? • 2) When did the Civil War start? Where? • 3) What was the Union blockade? • 4) Who was the commander of Confederate troops at Antietam? • 5) What did the Emancipation Proclamation do? • 6) When was the Battle of Gettysburg? Who won? • 7) Why were Georgia and Atlanta important to the Confederate war effort? • 8) Who commanded Union troops during the Atlanta Campaign? • 9) When did Sherman finally capture Atlanta? • 10) Why do you think Sherman burned Atlanta before he left? • 11) Where did the March to the Sea end? • 12) When did the Confederacy surrender? • 13) How did Abraham Lincoln die?

26. Questions • 1) After secession, what was the name of the new country formed by the South? • 2) When did the Civil War start? Where? • 3) What was the Union blockade? • 4) Who was the commander of Confederate troops at Antietam? • 5) What did the Emancipation Proclamation do? • 6) When was the Battle of Gettysburg? Who won? • 7) Why were Georgia and Atlanta important to the Confederate war effort? • 8) Who commanded Union troops during the Atlanta Campaign? • 9) When did Sherman finally capture Atlanta? • 10) Why do you think Sherman burned Atlanta before he left? • 11) Where did the March to the Sea end? • 12) When did the Confederacy surrender? • 13) How did Abraham Lincoln die?