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TALLER DE EFICIENCIA ( noviembre de 2011)

TALLER DE EFICIENCIA ( noviembre de 2011). Dr. Diego Prior. Plan de trabajo. Conceptos previos e introducción al Data Envelopment Analysis ( DEA ) Modelos DEA , extensiones y software EMS Aplicaciones con datos reales. Conceptos previos. Conceptos previos.

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TALLER DE EFICIENCIA ( noviembre de 2011)

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  1. TALLER DE EFICIENCIA(noviembre de 2011) Dr. Diego Prior

  2. Plan de trabajo • Conceptos previos e introducción al Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) • Modelos DEA, extensiones y software EMS • Aplicaciones con datos reales

  3. Conceptos previos

  4. Conceptosprevios

  5. Introducción al Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) • 1. ¿De qué hablamos? • Productividad: (Output/ Input) = (y/x) • Eficiencia: max. (y/x) • Si el input está definido en unidades monetarias: • Productividad: (y/x) = [1/(x/y)] = • = (1/tasa de costes) • PROBLEMA: ¿qué hacer cuando tenemos múltiples outputs e inputs?

  6. Introducción al Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)

  7. Introducción al Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)

  8. Introducción al Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) • DEA evaluates relative efficiencies of a homogenous set of decision making units (DMUs) in the presence of multiple input and output factors • Efficiency is defined as the ratio of weighted sum of outputs to weighted sum of inputs • A DMU is considered efficient if it achieves a score of 1.00 • DEA identifies necessary improvements required in making inefficient DMUs efficient • DEA has extensively been applied in a variety of business and decision making environments that include banking, healthcare, transportation …

  9. Some DEA Models and Approaches • CCR Model (Primal and Dual) • BCC Model • Super Efficiency Model • DEA Models with Weight Restrictions • Cross-Efficiency Models in DEA • Benchmarking in DEA • DEA Windows Analysis • DEA with Ordinal and Cardinal Factors

  10. CCR Ratio Model: Primal Form

  11. CCR Ratio Model (Input-Oriented): Dual Form

  12. CCR Ratio Model (Output-Oriented): Dual Form

  13. CCR Model: Illustration

  14. Selection of Inputs, Outputs, and units in DEA • Inputs: resources (examples: workers, machinery, operating expenses, budget, etc.) • Outputs: actual number of products produced to a host of performance and activity measures (examples: quality levels, throughput rates, lead-time, etc.) • If there are m inputs and s outputs then potentially ms DMUs can be efficient. Thus, to achieve discrimination we need substantially more units than ms

  15. BCC Model • CCR model considers constant returns to scale (CRS) whereas the BCC model considers variable returns to scale (VRS) new constraint (convexity)

  16. Super Efficiency Model • Super efficiency model allows for effective ranking of efficient DMUs The DMU being evaluated is removed from the constraint set thereby allowing its efficiency score to exceed a value of 1.00

  17. DEA Model with Weight Restrictions • Unrestricted weight flexibility in DEA can be resolved through weight restrictions • Weight restrictions also allow for the incorporation of managerial input into DEA models

  18. Cross Efficiencies in DEA • Cross efficiency in DEA allows for effective discrimination between niche performers and good overall performers • Cross efficiency score of a DMU represents how well the unit is performing with respect to the optimal weights of another DMU • A DMU that achieves high cross efficiency scores is considered to be a good overall performer

  19. Cross Efficiency Matrix Efficiency score of DMU 2 when evaluated with the optimal weights of DMU 1

  20. Benchmarking in DEA • We discussed traditional DEA benchmarking in the illustrative example • Benchmarks may not be inherently similar to inefficient DMUs • Virtual benchmarks do not exist in practice • Benchmarking can also be performed based on the cross efficiency matrix. • Use of cluster analysis on cross efficiencies

  21. Windows Analysis in DEA • Evaluating the performance of a DMU over time by treating it as a different entity in each period • A DMU is compared to itself over time

  22. Questions

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