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Gandhian Environmental Movement in India. Shinya Ishizaka (Ryukoku University). 1. Gandhians as “ Worldly Individuals ”. Louis Dumont ’ s Homo Hierarchicus (1979) “ Caste Society ” vs “ Renouncer ” ? No “ Worldly Individual ” in India? Gandhians as “ Worldly Renouncers ”
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Gandhian Environmental Movement in India Shinya Ishizaka (Ryukoku University)
1. Gandhians as “Worldly Individuals” • Louis Dumont’s Homo Hierarchicus (1979) • “Caste Society” vs “Renouncer”? • No “Worldly Individual” in India? • Gandhians as “Worldly Renouncers” • Individuals who bring about Social Change by Self-renouncing practices of Foot-marches and Fasts
Gandhians as “Worldly Individuals” • Disciples of M. K. Gandhi (1869-1948) • Vinoba Bhave (1895-1982) Bhoodan Movement • J. P. Narayan (1902-79) Total Revolution • Gandhians in Various Social Movements • Rural Reconstruction Movements • Anti-Untouchability Movements • Movements for Communal Harmony • Anti-Liquor Movements • Women’s Movements • Environmental Movements
2. Environmental Activities by Gandhians • Narayan Desai (1924-) At Gujarat, in western India (Jan 2004)
Envtl Activities by Gandhians in India Today • Baba Amte (1914-) At Maharashtra, in central India (Feb 2003)
Envtl Activities by Gandhians in India Today • S. Jagannathan (1914-) • Krishnamal Jagannathan (1926-) At Tamil Nadu, in southern India (Aug 2006)
Envtl Activities by Gandhians in India Today Sunderlal Bahuguna Vimla Bahuguna Baba Amte Narayan Desai S. Jagannathan Krishnamal Jagannathan
3. Bahuguna and Environmental Movements in the Himalayas • Sunderlal Bahuguna (1927-) • 1940s Indian Freedom Movement • 1950s Anti Untouchability Movement • 1960s Anti Liquor Movement Bahuguna and students (Feb 2003) Bahuguna in his prayer (Dec 2004)
Bahuguna and Env Movements • Vimla Bahuguna (1932-) • 1950s Bhoodan Movement • 1956 Marriage, Establishment of Ashram At Tehri (Mar 2003) Near Silyara Ashram (Aug 2006)
Bahuguna and Env Movements • Chipko Movement (1973-1981) Sketches by Arvind Mohan Negi (from Bharat Dogra’s books)
Bahuguna and Env Movements • Slogans of Chipko Movement • Before 1978 “What do the forests bear? Resin, timber and business.” • After 1978 “What do the forests bear? Soil, water and pure air.” Foot March and Meeting Photos by Dhoom Singh Negi
Bahuguna and Env Movements • Anti Tehri Dam Movement (1978-) • S. Bahuguna became the leader after 1989 Demonstration Meetings, Sit-ins, Petitioning Legal Battles, Foot Marches, Fasts • S. Bahuguna’s Fasts and Movement • 45 days in 1992 • 49 days in 1995 • 74 days in 1996
Tehri (Aug 2003) Tehri (Nov 2004)
Near Gangotri (Aug 2005) • Save Himalaya Movement (1992-) • not only for the protest against the dam construction • but for protecting the environment of the Himalayan region