Avijit Gangopadhyay University of Massachusetts Dartmouth Email: avijit@umassd

1. Feature Oriented Regional Modeling System (FORMS) – as a synthesis component of the Global and Coastal IOOS Avijit Gangopadhyay University of Massachusetts Dartmouth Email: avijit@umassd.edu Seed funded by NASA

2. OUTLINE • Feature Oriented Regional Modeling • Concept -- Initialization/Synthesis Methodology • Example of Strategy in Sicily Strait • Shallow water applications – CCS • Global Applications • Feature oriented synthesis…..

3. Gulf Stream Front and Ring Analysis 2/11/02

6. Gulf Stream Warm Core Rings Cold Core Rings Southern Recirculation Gyre Northern Recirculation Gyre Deep Western Boundary Current Gangopadhyay et al., 3-part series in 1997: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Tech. (14) 1314:1365 Maine Coastal Current NEC Inflow GSC Outflow Jordan Basin Gyre Wilkinson Basin Gyre Georges Basin Gyre Georges Bank Gyre Tidal Mixing Front Gangopadhyay et al. 2003: Continental Shelf Res. 23(3-4), 317-353 Gangopadhyay and Robinson, 2002: DAO 36(2002) 201-232 Features in Western North Atlantic Deep Sea region (GSMR) Coastal region (GOMGB)

8. U(x,y,z)=(y){[UT(x)-UB(x)](x,z) + UB(x)} T(x,y,z)=Ta(x,z)+(x,z)(y) where, Ta(x,z)={[T0(x)-Tb(x)](x,z) +Tb}

9. In general, a coastal current (CC), a front (SSF) and an eddy/gyre (E/G) are represented by: CC: TM(x, η, z) =TMa(x, z)+ αM(x, z) M(η) SSF: Tss(x, y, z) = Tsh (x, z) + (Tsl (x, z) – Tsh(x, z)) (, z) E/G T(r, z) = Tc (z) - [Tc (z) - Tk (z) ] {1-exp(-r/R)} where, TMa(x, z), Tsh (x, z) and Tc (z) are axis, shelf and core (η) =  (0  W) (, z) = ½ + ½ tanh[(-.Z)/]

10. Strategy for GOMGB Feature Models at feature locations + Regional Climatology = FORMS MCC, WBG, JBG, GBG, GBAG, TMF, SSF, Inflow/Outflow

11. FORMS Protocol • Identify Circulation and Water mass features • Regional Synthesis -- Processes from a modeling perspective • Synoptic Data sets -- in-situ and satellite • Regional Climatology (Background Circulation) • Objective Analysis (Climatology + Feature Models) • Simulation -- Nowcasting/Forecasting

12. Feature oriented methodology is applicable to ALL different Numerical Models • MOM (Modular Ocean Model) • ROMS (Regional Ocean Model System) • POM (Princeton Ocean Model) • HYCOM • MIT GCM • HOPS (Harvard Ocean Prediction System) • Finite Element / Finite Volume models It is an Initialization and Assimilation Methodology

15. Strait of Sicily Feature Oriented Regional Modeling Set Up

17. FORMS Applications in Different Oceans

19. Shallow water feature models • Use of ‘intelligent observations’ that are important to resolve the scales and represent the underlying dynamical processes • Not only temperature-salinity structure, but include first-order dynamics • Process-oriented feature models

20. Arabian Sea - Persian Gulf – Red Sea

22. Meander-eddy-Upwelling System

23. Elements of Synthesis • Synthesis of Multi-sensor observational system: Satellite (SST, SSH, SSC), in-situ, CODAR -- using feature-oriented approach • Process-oriented shallow water feature models • Feature Tracking -- High resolution data fusion • EOF analysis for Vertical Structure determination (Warn-Varnas et al., 2004) • High-resolution regional climatology • Dynamical Adjustment via Models -- FORMS

24. Some more thoughts • Feature-oriented method allows for strategic deployment of available resources • It optimizes (possibly maximizes) return on investments (ROIs) • The ‘returns’ are not only in $$ but in science, too • Minimizes human involvement (loss) – because it’s a knowledge-based system

25. Thank You!!www.smast.umassd.edu/modeling/