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I. Introduction to Acids & Bases

Ch. 19- Acids & Bases. I. Introduction to Acids & Bases. electrolytes  electrolytes. A. Properties. ACIDS. BASES. bitter taste. sour taste. turn litmus red. turn litmus blue. react with metals to form H 2 gas. slippery feel. vinegar, soda, milk, apples, citrus fruits.

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I. Introduction to Acids & Bases

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  1. Ch. 19- Acids & Bases I. Introduction toAcids & Bases

  2. electrolytes electrolytes A. Properties ACIDS BASES • bitter taste • sour taste • turn litmus red • turn litmus blue • react with metals to form H2 gas • slippery feel • vinegar, soda, milk, apples, citrus fruits • ammonia, lye, antacid, baking soda ChemASAP

  3. H H – + O O Cl Cl H H H H B. Definitions • Arrhenius - In aqueous solution… • Acidsform hydronium ions (H3O+) HCl+ H2O  H3O+ + Cl– acid

  4. H H – + N O O N H H H H H H H H B. Definitions • Arrhenius - In aqueous solution… • Bases form hydroxide ions (OH-) NH3+ H2O  NH4+ + OH- base

  5. conjugate base conjugate acid B. Definitions • Brønsted-Lowry • Acidsare proton (H+) donors. • Bases are proton (H+) acceptors. HCl + H2O  Cl– + H3O+ acid base

  6. B. Definitions H2O + HNO3 H3O+ + NO3– B A CA CB

  7. B. Definitions NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH- B A CA CB • Amphoteric - can be an acid or a base.

  8. F - H2PO4- H2O HF H3PO4 H3O+ B. Definitions • Give the conjugate base for each of the following: • Polyprotic - an acid with more than one H+

  9. Br - HSO4- CO32- HBr H2SO4 HCO3- B. Definitions • Give the conjugate acid for each of the following:

  10. B. Definitions • Lewis • Acidsare electron pair acceptors. • Bases are electron pair donors. Lewis base Lewis acid

  11. - + C. Strength • Strong Acid/Base • 100% ionized in water • strong electrolyte HCl HNO3 H2SO4 HBr HI HClO4 NaOH KOH Ca(OH)2 Ba(OH)2

  12. - + C. Strength • Weak Acid/Base • does not ionize completely • weak electrolyte HF CH3COOH H3PO4 H2CO3 HCN NH3

  13. Strong Acid-Strong Base Neutralization • Strong Acid + Strong Base → salt + water • ex. HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)→ NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) • salt: (def) ionic compound composed of cation from a base and anion from an acid

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