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Reactions Segment

Reactions Segment. By Jamie Biondi, Townsend Smith, Nick Philip, and Bobby Benjamin. Granger Movement. Founded in 1867 by Oliver H. Kelley in Washington, D.C. Gave farmers a political voice Goals to improve the unfair life that farmers had Peaked in 1875 with over 850,000 members.

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Reactions Segment

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  1. Reactions Segment By Jamie Biondi, Townsend Smith, Nick Philip, and Bobby Benjamin

  2. Granger Movement • Founded in 1867 by Oliver H. Kelley in Washington, D.C. • Gave farmers a political voice • Goals to improve the unfair life that farmers had • Peaked in 1875 with over 850,000 members

  3. Railroad Practices • Small companies were being overcharged while big businesses like Standard Oil got rebates • Grange thought that railroad practices like pools and rebates were unfair • Grange sought to get these practices made illegal in order to avoid being cheated by big business owners.

  4. Railroads=Public Utility • Granger movement and especially Munn V. Illinois helped to make public regulation for private businesses that were devoted to public use

  5. Bloc Voting • Voting used by the Grange to allow Granger members to get into state legislature • Once on the inside, the Grange members would support railroad reforms

  6. Granger State Laws • Laws proposed by the Grange • Code by which railroads had to abide • Aim was to make railroad practices fairer for farmers

  7. Munn v. Illinois (1877) • Upheld right of states to regulate private property when it is in the interest of the public • Firm of Ira Munn and George Scott’s successors used illegal rates for their warehouses then they appealed to the Supreme Court when Illinois supreme court upheld the law • Their complaint was that the Warehouse Act was in violation of the 14th amendment • The Supreme Court ruled in favor of the state of Illinois

  8. Wabash Case (1886) • St. Louis & Pacific Railroad Company v. Illinois • The court declared invalid an Illinois law prohibiting long- and short-haul clauses in transportation contracts as an infringement on the exclusive powers of Congress • The result of the case was denial of state power to regulate interstate rates for railroads • The decision led to creation of the Interstate Commerce Commission.

  9. Interstate Commerce Act (1887) • Created the Interstate Commerce Commission, the first true federal regulatory agency. • Designed to address the issues of railroad abuse and discrimination • Required: • Shipping rates had to be "reasonable and just" • Rates had to be published • Secret rebates were outlawed • Price discrimination against small markets was made illegal.

  10. Sherman Antitrust Act (1890) • 1st legislation enacted by the United States Congress to curb concentrations of power that interfere with trade and reduce economic competition. • Named for U.S. senator John Sherman • One of main provisions outlaws all combinations that restrain trade between states or with foreign nations.

  11. Collective Bargaining • An employer or employers agree to discuss the conditions of work by bargaining with representatives of the employees, usually a labor union. • Purpose either a discussion of the terms and conditions of employment or a consideration of the collective relations between both sides. • The merits of collective bargaining have been argued by both opponents and proponents of the process • The National Labor Relations Act of 1935, known as the Wagner Act, established the right to collective bargaining in the United States.

  12. Knights of Labor • the first major labor organization in the US • Looking to combine various unions in one organization • Fell into decline after one of their members was executed for killing a policeman in the Haymarket Riot in 1886.

  13. American Federation of Labor • Sought to organize craft unions in a federation in which the individual unions maintained some autonomy • Structure differed from that of the Knights of Labor, who wanted to absorb individual unions • Founding leader was Samuel Gompers.

  14. International Ladies' Garment Workers Union • In its early years many members were sympathetic to various radical movements. • Grew rapidly in its first years. • (1909-1911) launched two spectacular and successful mass strikes in the garment district of New York City. As a result of the strikes, the dress manufacturers agreed to deal with the ILGWU and its affiliates. • Union benefited by the labor policies of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, and membership rose to 300,000 in 1942. • In 1995 the 125,000-member ILGWU merged with the 175,000-member Amalgamated Clothing and Textile Workers’ Union to form the Union of Needletrades, Industrial and Textile Employees (UNITE).

  15. Thomas Nast • Caricature artist • Created Democratic Donkey, Republican Elephant, and the “Tammany Tiger" (http://www.boondocksnet.com/cartoons/cartoons_nast03.html) • Known as the "presidential maker“ after he helped Grover Cleveland become the first Democrat president since 1856. • Commended for life-like drawings and method of cross-hatch shading.

  16. Jane Addams (Hull House) • Pacifist and Reformist who moved to Chicago to help the poor • Purchased and repaired Hull House • Hull house provided various educational and cultural activities for poor immigrants. • For her work, neighbors called her “Saint Jane”

  17. Resources • http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0851226.html • http://www.sparknotes.com/history/american/gildedage/terms.html • http://media20.fastclick.net/w/safepop.cgi?mid=23159&sid=9972&id=101300&len=0&c=8&nfcp=1 • http://occawlonline.pearsoned.com/bookbind/pubbooks/nash5e_awl/chapter19/medialib/primarysources1_20_2.html • http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~engi202/sherman.html • http://www.marketingpower.com/live/mg-dictionary-view2863.php • http://www.consortiuminfo.org/antitrust/sherman.shtml • http://www.boondocksnet.com/cartoons/cartoons_nast03.html • http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAnast.htmd • http://www.bartleby.com/65/co/collecti-b.html • http://www.svti-unite.com/history.htm • American Odyssey: The United States in the 20th Century

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