Angling and NATURA 2000

1. Promoting Natura 2000 & Sustainable Wildlife Use (hunting & angling) Mediterranean Workshop Italy Ornithological Observatory FEIN of Arosio & La Cassinazza, neo-rural / agricultural management site of Pavia Angling and NATURA 2000

2. EAA, The European Anglers Alliance - 14 National organisations from 11 countries(candidate: Estonia; talks with a number of others) Members www.eaa-europe.org/eaa_members.htm

3. About EAA • EAA: pan-European not-for-profit org, 3 mill members in 11 countries • - founded in 1994 • - recognised as a European Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO) • - headquarters in Brussels • - a ‘green sustainable users’ profile by the EAA Statutes • Some objectives: • To promote a conservation agenda with due regard to sustainable management and the encouragement of biodiversity in all activities of the organisation. • To campaign for sustainable management of all fish stocks within the European Union, other European states and international waters. • To campaign for the sustainable management of fish predators within the European Union and other European states. • To promote sustainable water management practices and the control of pollution in all its forms throughout the European Union and other European states. • To encourage biodiversity in all habitat restoration and water management schemes having regard for the use of native fish stocks and the dangers of genetic pollution. • To campaign for the independent regulation of fish farming in all member nations of the European Union and other European states. • To promote awareness of the huge economic, environmental and social impacts of recreational angling to the European Union, Governments, Media and all sectors of society. • To protect the rights and interests of all fishing with rod and line for recreational purposes.

4. About EAA – some external engagements • EAA seats at permanent stakeholder bodies: • Freshwater: • WFD-SCG, Water Framework Directive Strategic Coordination Group • (Applicant) Habitats and Birds Directives, and NATURA 2000 - Co-ordination Group “Biodiversity & Nature” (EAA sits “ORNIS+” since 2007) • Seawater: • 6 RACs, Regional Advisory Councils • NASCA, North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Treaty (observer) • Others: • EAA attends a number of conferences and workshops over the year, often invited as a speaker. • Provide advises to and servicing the EU institutions, scientists, public at large • arrange seminars for internal and external audiences • Projects – own or as partner in other parties projects

5. 7 RACs • 6 up running • (MED RAC not launched but maybe Sept 2008) • EAA is onboard all GAs and ExComs and a number of the work groups (>100 work days a year) • EAA is not a member of the ACFA (awaits revision which might make it possible for EAA to have a seat on is own. Today two shared seats to the non-commercial sector) BALTIC RAC NWW RAC NS RAC SWW RAC Pelagic RAC (MED RAC) Long Distance RAC

6. European Recreational Angling: • 25 million anglers in EU 27 (sea and fresh waters) • 25 billion euros in socio-economic value For the European Tackle Industry alone: • 2,900 companies, (manufacturers, and wholesalers) trading in • recreational fishing tackle • representing 60,000 jobs • making an annual turnover of 5 billion euros. • the fishing tackle trade serves 25 million recreational and sport • fishermen through 12,900 tackle shops that employ another 39,000 people.

7. Did you know? • Europe has an estimated 8-10 million anglers fishing for sport or pleasure at sea with a related industry of 8-10 billion Euros. http://ec.europa.eu/maritimeaffairs/publications_en.html

8. EAA’s Definition Recreational Angling(prefered by the authors of the EU funded desk study on European sport fishing published in 2007) • Rod and line • Non-commercial • Anglers do not sell their catch, but • return or eat it (within the family unit) • Recreational angling is part of the broader • defined activity ’Recreational Fisheries’ • but far the biggest in value and practitioners ’Recreational Fisheries’ Recreational Angling and sportfishing Other Recreational Fisheries(i.e. nets and long lines) Commercial Fisheries Full version of angling EAA’s recreational angling/sport fishing definition: http://www.eaa-europe.org/web/Files/AnglingDef/DEFINITION-EAA_Angling_Def_long_FINAL_EN.doc

9. The first pan-European socio-economic study on recreational sea angling was released January 2007. EU funding (100%) euro 200,000. Desk research (no new data, compilation of published studies): EC Directorate-General for Fisheries Sport Fishing C2362, Unit FISH-1 FINAL REPORT, EU contract FISH/2004/011 on “Sport Fisheries” (or Marine Recreational Fisheries) in the EU’ For The European Commission Directorate-General for Fisheries Prepared by M. G. Pawson1, D. Tingley2, G, Padda1, and H. Glenn 2 1. The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK. 2. Centre for the Economics & Management of Aquatic Resources (CEMARE) Boathouse no 6, College Road, HM Naval Base, Portsmouth, PO1 3LJ, UK. Correspondence to M. G. Pawson; Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft, NR33 OHT, UK tel: +44 1502 524436; e-mail: mike.pawson@cefas.co.uk. http://ec.europa.eu/fisheries/publications/studies/sportfishing_2006.pdf Page 5: ’Outline and objectives of study. Managers of marine fisheries in European Community waters have paid little attention to the impacts or requirements of recreational fisheries, though recreational fishing constitutes a considerable social and economic activity. Total expenditure on recreational fishing across Europe is believed to exceed €25 billion a year (Dillon, 2004). By comparison, the 1998 value of commercial landings in the 15 EU member states was estimated at €20 billion (Megapesca, no date given).’

10. Page 9: The table below gives the approximate length of coastline and the current total marine recreational fishers and anglers (both Freshwater and marine) relative to total national populations in the EU member states, where known (sources: coastline and total population, Wikipedia and Google;fishing population numbers, this report) EAA and EFTTA comments (see also figures here www.eaa-europe.org/web/Pages/About/AboutEAA-EN.htm#NumberAnglers ): Belgium: Study (2003) concerning the Flemish part of Belgium shows a total for this part of the country >175,000 anglers. No details on sea angling but probably 45-50 % of total http://www.vvhv.be/dossiers/hengelsportenquete03.pdf France: Our souces (non-published study) says 3 million sea anglers (total sea and freshwater 4 mill is ok) Spain: Anecdotial information: 1 mill sea anglers // Portugal: Anecdotial information 750-1 mill sea anglers Lithuania: 1,5 mill sea and freshwater. Survey (2002) ’Attitudes Towards Fishing’, Vilmorus (marketing research) Latvia: 90,000 licensed anglers. Maybe 150,000 in total. Page 63: http://www.fdd.fr/docs/baltic_Mr%20Stikuts-LV.pd Norway: Almost all anglers go (also) sea fishing. // Croatian Sportfishing Association: >70,000 members

11. The EAA and EFTTA RECFISH Project - A study of the social, economical and environmental importance of recreational angling in Europe.

12. RECFISH – General Research Design PAN-EUROPEAN ANGLER SURVEY Satellite Study A Fishing Waters & Fish Populations Typology, Trends Satellite Study E Sea Angling & Tourism Status, Case Studies, Stakeholders, Trends ACTIVE ANGLERS • how many, who • how often, where • type of fishery + fish • How much do they catch • how much do they spend Satellite Study F Inland/Freshwater Angling & Tourism Status, Case StudiesStakeholders, Trends Satellite Study B Fishery Management Owners, Managers, Angling Clubs Satellite Study C Aquaculture & Angling Importance & chances of production for fish stocking Satellite Study G Angling and Environment The view of hydrobiologists, governmental bodies & NGOs POTENTIAL ANGLERS • how many & who • angling holidays? • potential expenditure Satellite Study D Tackle Trade & Equipment Providersproducers–wholesale–retailers Satellite Study H Angling Media + Internetpresent scope, importance as partner for future growth

13. European Angler Survey - Basic Questionnaire & Satellite Studies PAN-EUROPEAN ANGLER SURVEY Satellite Study A Fishing Waters & Fish Populations Typology, Trends Satellite Study E Sea Angling & Tourism Status, Case Studies, Stakeholders, Trends ACTIVE ANGLERS • how many • who (sociodemographic profile) • how often (angling days) • where (home regions, holiday countries) • which type of fishery + species of fish regional Boards & Agencies Satellite Study F Inland/Freshwater Angling & TourismStatus, Case Studies, Stakeholders, Trends Satellite Study B Fishery Management Owners, Managers, Angling Clubs • how much do they spend Satellite Study C Aquaculture & Angling Importance & chances of production for fish stocking Satellite Study G Angling and Environment The view of hydrobiologists, governmental bodies & NGOs • indicators for growth potential • general willingness to pay more • presently unexploited interest in angling holidays • interest in upgraded services (courses, guides) POTENTIAL ANGLERS past anglers + interested starters Satellite Study D Tackle Trade & Equipment Providersproducers–wholesale–retailers Satellite Study H Angling Media + Internetpresent scope, importance as partner for future growth • how many & who (sociodemography) • interest in angling holidays(countries / regions, sea – rivers – lakes) • potential expenditure levels very large representative sample (ca. 90.000 interviews)

14. Recreational fisheries – a sector included the CFP? Fairly dealt with? Recreational fisheries seems not have been thought of when the first CFP was put in place. EU fisheries management is geared towards commercial fisheries mainly or only MLS works against recreational interest in the bigger fish commercial fishermen are fish stock exploiters as are recreational fishermen Commercial fishermen are profit driven Recreational fishermen are motivated by a range of factors (more challenging re modeling) There are fish species only or mainly of interest to Commercial fishermen Recreational fishermen Both Many livelihoods and communities in Europe are dependant on fisheries. This is true for both commercial as well as recreational fisheries, at about the same scale.

15. ICES, EAA and EFTTA find there is a need for a conference in the short term to discuss/assess which recreational data are needed - for the CFP, Common Fisheries Policy (multiple needs incl. NATURA 2000 marine) - other users and uses and how to provide these data. COUNCIL REGULATION (EC) No 199/2008 of 25 February 2008 concerning the establishment of a Community framework for the collection, management and use of data in the fisheries sector and support for scientific advice regarding the Common Fisheries Policy MS to deliver data on recreational catches of tuna, salmon and cod (and eels). Which specie next? Some cuttings from the new Regulation:

16. Article 2 - Definitions (..) ‘fisheries sector’ means activities related to commercial fisheries, recreational fisheries, aquaculture and industries processing fisheries products; (note: “fisheries sector” is defined differently within other EU legislation e.g. concerning the Regional Advisory Councils, RACs) (..) (c) ‘recreational fisheries’ means non-commercial fishing activities exploiting living aquatic resources for recreation or sport; Article 3 (..) (b) recreational fisheries carried out within Community waters including recreational fisheries for eels and salmon in inland waters;

17. Article 4 - National Programmes (..) 2. The national programme shall include, in particular, the following matters as provided for in Section 2: (a) multi-annual sampling programmes; (b) a scheme for at-sea monitoring of commercial and recreational fisheries, where necessary; (c) a scheme for research surveys-at-sea; (d) a scheme for management and use of the data for scientific analyses purposes. 3. The procedures and methods to be used in collecting and analysing data and in estimating their accuracy and precision shall be included in the national programmes. 4. Member States shall submit their national programmes for approval to the Commission. They shall submit them by electronic means by the date, in the format and to the address to be established by the Commission in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 27(2). 5. The first national programmes shall include the activities for the years 2009 and 2010.

18. Article 9 - Sampling programmes 1. Member States shall establish multi-annual national sampling programmes. 2. Multi-annual national sampling programmes shall include, in particular: (a) a sampling design for biological data following fleet-fishery based sampling including, where appropriate, recreational fisheries; (b) a sampling design for ecosystem data that allows the impact of the fisheries sector on the marine ecosystem to be estimated and that contributes to monitoring of the state of the marine ecosystem; (c) a sampling design for socio-economic data that permits the economic situation of the fisheries sector to be assessed and enables its performance over time to be analysed, and impact assessments of measures undertaken, or proposed to be carried out. Article 11 At-sea monitoring of commercial and recreational fisheries 1. Where necessary for the purposes of the collection of the data under the national programmes, Member States shall design and implement at-sea monitoring of commercial and recreational fisheries.

19. Article 15 - Data covered 1. This Chapter shall apply to all data collected: under Regulations ….  (b) under the framework of this Regulation: (i) data on vessels’ activity based on information from satellite monitoring and other monitoring systems with the required format; (ii) data allowing the reliable estimation of the total volume of catches per stock by defined regional fishing types and fleet segments, geographical area and time period, including discards and, where appropriate, data regarding catches in recreational fisheries; (iii) all biological data needed to assess the status of exploited stocks; (iv) ecosystem data needed to evaluate the impact of fishing activities on the marine ecosystem; (v) the socio-economic data from the fisheries sector. 2. Member States shall avoid any duplication in the collection of the data referred to in paragraph 1.

20. NATURA 2000 and angling • NATURA 2000 marine sites (deadline 1 September 2008) • NATURA 2000 terrestrial • EAA engagement: • Marines sites has a high priority to EAA and (sea) angling right now • Terrestrial sites have been around for a long time – now less EU level action by EAA; more a national-local issue (however, EAA act as focal point for N2000 information exchange between EAA members) • Stakeholders are slightly different marine vers terrestrial N2000

21. NATURA 2000 and angling • Designation and implementation of N2000 • Terrestrial: Anglers are sceptical at first, later adaptive or even happy • There are some examples • MPAs: sceptics a there is too little Stakeholders are slightly different marine vers terrestrial • ‘Sustainable hunting initiative’ • The difference between hunting and angling – within N2000 and other EU legislation

22. HABITATS DIRECTIVE ANNEX VI PROHIBITED METHODS AND MEANS OF CAPTURE AND KILLING AND MODES OF TRANSPORT (a) Non-selective means MAMMALS — Blind or mutilated animals used as live decoys — Tape recorders — Electrical and electronic devices capable of killing or stunning — Artificial light sources — Mirrors and other dazzling devices — Devices for illuminating targets — Sighting devices for night shooting comprising an electronic image magnifier or image converter — Explosives — Nets which are non-selective according to their principle or their conditions of use — Traps which are non-selective according to their principle or their conditions of use — Crossbows — Poisons and poisoned or anaesthetic bait — Gassing or smoking out — Semi-automatic or automatic weapons with a magazine capable of holding more than two rounds of ammunition FISH — Poison — Explosives

23. Skjern River and valley (Denmark’s biggest N2000 project) http://www.ulnits.dk/biologi/eu_og_aaerne.htm Fra naturens hånd er der ørreder i samtlige danske vandsystemer. Danmark er fra naturens hånd noget nær et paradis for en fisk som ørreden, der her finder ideelle gyde- og opvækstforhold. Godt 25% af Danmarks knap 25.000 km vandløb er målsat som såkaldte B-1 vandløb - som gyde- og yngelopvækstområde for laksefisk. Men omkring 50% af disse vandløb lever stadig ikke op til denne målsætning. I dag er der kun ørreder i en ottendedel af de oprindelige åer.

24. Skjern River and valley (Denmark’s biggest N2000 project) Fiskeriet i det statsejede fiskevand Skov- og Naturstyrelsen har overdraget administrationen af udlejningen af de statslige fiskestrækninger til Skjernå Sammenslutningen. Hvis man ønsker at fiske skal man enten være medlem af de lystfiskeforeninger, der har fiskeret eller købe dag- eller ugekort. I forbindelse med køb af fiskekort udleveres der en vejledning over de strækninger man må fiske, i hvilken periode af året og på hvilke tidspunkter m.m. Der vil blive anlagt handicapvenlige fiskepladser. Selv om bestanden af laks er i fremgang er det fortsat nødvendigt med skrappere regler for fiskeri i Skjern Å end i andre vandløb. Jagt på de statsejede arealer. Skov- og Naturstyrelsen har overdraget administrationen af jagten i et nærmere afgrænset område til Skjernådalens Jægersammenslutning. Jagt er i de perioder, der gælder efter Jagtloven, med gyldigt årskort tilladt i området øst for A11 og i Øster Hestholm vest for jernbanen, den østlige del af Vester Hestholm og Skænken Sø. Skov- og Naturstyrelsen har i samarbejde med Skjernådalens Jægersammenslutning udarbejdet retningslinier for jagten.

25. Skjern River