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You design lecture

You design lecture. Discuss the research that “proved” Rotational Catalysis Review Metabolism and Electron Transport Chain from previous two classes Explain how Glycolysis is like eating Pizza! Talk about Fermentation as an option in some cells

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You design lecture

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  1. You design lecture • Discuss the research that “proved” Rotational Catalysis • Review Metabolism and Electron Transport Chain from previous two classes • Explain how Glycolysis is like eating Pizza! • Talk about Fermentation as an option in some cells • Discuss Krebs Cycle and the path inside the mitochondria like the events in the Biovisions movie

  2. Masasuke Yoshida “Ummm… check this out.”

  3. Masasuke Yoshida “Ummm… check this out.”

  4. Masasuke Yoshida “Ummm… check this out.”

  5. Hiroyasu Itoh –designed this approach (Nature 2004) “Reporter enzyme” emits light when detects new ATP

  6. Analyze the data. Given that the gray bars represent the basal/background level of ATP in the experiment, explain what you believe would be (i) predictions v. (ii) observations

  7. Figure 1 Itoh et al, Nature 2004

  8. You design lecture

  9. Proteins Fats Carbohydrates Amino acids Sugars Glycerol Fatty acids Glycolysis Glucose Glyceraldehyde-3- P NH3 Pyruvate Acetyl CoA Citric acid cycle Oxidative phosphorylation

  10. Homeostasis: What is negative feedback? Inter- mediate Inter- mediate Start of pathway Product X Enzyme 1 Enzyme 3 Enzyme 2 Presence of product inhibits enzyme 1

  11. Glucose AMP Glycolysis Fructose-6-phosphate Stimulates + Phosphofructokinase – – Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate Inhibits Inhibits Pyruvate ATP Citrate Acetyl CoA Citric acid cycle Oxidative phosphorylation

  12. The electron transport chain occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion (in regions called “cristae”) ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ Q H+ H+ H+ H+ Cyt c H+ H+ H+ Q H+ H+ H+ Inner membrane H+ H+ NADH FADH2 O2 H+ NAD+ FAD H+ H+ H2O Fo unit ATP Complex I Complex II Complex III Complex IV Stalk H+ F1 unit ATP ADP + Pi

  13. You design lecture

  14. Cellular respiration If electron acceptor (such as oxygen) is present ELECTRON TRANSPORT AND OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION KREBS CYCLE GLYCOLYSIS Glucose Pyruvate If electron acceptor (such as oxygen) is NOT present FERMENTATION

  15. All 10 reactions of glycolysis occur in cytosol GLYCOLYSIS What goes in: ATP ATP 1 2 3 4 5 Glucose- 6-phosphate Fructose- 6-phosphate Fructose- 1,6-bisphosphate Glucose What comes out: ADP ADP Glycolysis begins with an energy-investment phase of 2 ATP

  16. PIP • Think of the beginning of “Glyco-lysis” as eating a pizza

  17. Think Glucose = Pizza The common ‘hexo-pyranose’ form of Pizza

  18. Meet PIP (Phosphorylate-Isomerize-Phosphorylate) • Is that really the best way to hold on to your pizza?

  19. Aldolase = Fructose 1-6 Bisphosphate -> DHAP (ick) and G-3-P (tasty!)

  20. Isomerase -> DHAP (ick) G-3-P (tasty!)

  21. Isomerase -> G-3-P (tasty!) G-3-P (tasty!)

  22. P I P [ATP] high GLYCOLYSIS Energy-investment phase What goes in: ATP ATP 1 2 3 4 5 Glucose- 6-phosphate Fructose- 6-phosphate Fructose- 1,6-bisphosphate Glucose What comes out: ADP ADP Hexokinase (capture) phosphoglucoisomerase PFK* ??????

  23. PFK is highly regulated ATP at active site Fructose- 1,6-bisphosphate at active site ATP at regulatory site

  24. [ATP] high Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)-dehydrogenase GLYCOLYSIS Energy-investment phase aldolase What goes in: DHAP ATP ATP P I P 1 2 3 4 5 isomerase Glucose- 6-phosphate Fructose- 6-phosphate Fructose- 1,6-bisphosphate Glucose What comes out: ADP ADP G-3-P hexokinase phosphoglucoisomerase PFK* G-3-P inhibits stimulates [ADP] [AMP]

  25. Phosphoglycero(PG)-kinase Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate(G3P)-dehydrogenase PIP

  26. All 10 reactions of glycolysis occur in cytosol GLYCOLYSIS What goes in: ATP ATP 1 2 3 4 5 Glucose- 6-phosphate Fructose- 6-phosphate Fructose- 1,6-bisphosphate Glucose What comes out: ADP ADP G-3-P G-3-P Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate(G3P)-dehydrogenase Glycolysis begins with an energy-investment phase of 2 ATP

  27. Phosphoglycero(PG)-kinase 2 G-3-P pyruvate kinase G-3-P-dehydrogenase Energy payoff phase The “2” indicates that glucose has been split into two 3-carbon sugars 2 NAD+ 2 ADP 2 ADP 2 2 2 2 2 6 7 8 9 10 Pyruvate 1,3-BisPGA 3-PGA 2 NADH 2 ATP 2 ATP During the energy payoff phase, 4 ATP are produced for a net gain of 2 ATP

  28. You design lecture

  29. You design lecture

  30. Where do we go next? SUMMARY OF GLUCOSE OXIDATION 2 NADH 2 Pyruvate Glucose 2 ATP Mitochondrion Cytoplasm

  31. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Multienzyme Complex

  32. If you have O2, enter the Matrix SUMMARY OF GLUCOSE OXIDATION 2 NADH 2 Pyruvate Glucose 2 ATP Mitochondrion Cytoplasm

  33. Where do we go next? SUMMARY OF GLUCOSE OXIDATION 2 NADH 2 NADH 2 Pyruvate Glucose 2 Acetyl CoA 2 CO2 2 ATP Mitochondrion Cytoplasm

  34. SUMMARY OF GLUCOSE OXIDATION 6 NADH 2 NADH 2 NADH 2 FADH2 KREBS CYCLE 2 Pyruvate Glucose 2 Acetyl CoA 4 CO2 2 CO2 2 ATP 2 ATP Mitochondrion Cytoplasm

  35. Is this what the Citric Acid Cycle looks like?

  36. Is this what the Citric Acid Cycle really looks like?

  37. What about this?

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