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Topic 8 – Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis

Topic 8 – Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis. 8.2 - Photosynthesis. Non-cyclic phosphorylation produces ATP. Chemiosmosis is the diffusion of ions across a selectively permeable membrane, through ATP synthase

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Topic 8 – Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis

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  1. Topic 8 – Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis 8.2 - Photosynthesis

  2. Non-cyclic phosphorylation produces ATP. • Chemiosmosis is the diffusion of ions across a selectively permeable membrane, through ATP synthase • The energy lost from the electrons moving down the electron transport chain drives chemiosmosis (similar to that in respiration) to bring about phosphorylation of ADP to produce ATP. • The enzyme NADP reductase catalyzes the transfer of the electron from ferredoxin to the energy carrier NADP+

  3. Calvin Cycle – Carbon Fixation RuBP binds to CO2 (carbon fixation) - Fixation is catalyzed by RuBP carboxylase (rubisco) - Result is an unstable 6-C compound

  4. Calvin Cycle – Reduction of glycerate 3-phosphate ATP and NADPH act on G3P - Forms two compounds of triose phosphate (TP) - This is a reduction reaction

  5. Calvin Cycle – Final Step/s • Some molecule of TP leave the cycle while others become more complex carbohydrates • Most TP stay in the cycle to reproduce RuBP • To regain RuBP from TP, the cycle uses ATP

  6. Light-dependent vs Light-independentreactions Light-dependent Light-independent Occurs in the stroma Uses ATP and NADPH to form triose phosphate Returns ADP, inorganic phosphate and NADP to the light-dependent reaction Involves the Calvin cycle • Occurs in thylakoids • Uses light energy to form ATP and NADPH • Splits water in photolysis to provide replacement electrons and H+ and to release oxygen to the atmosphere • Includes two electron transport chains and photosystems I/II

  7. The chloroplast and photosynthesis Chloroplast structure Function allowed Allows greater absorption of light by photosystems Allows faster accumulation of protons to create a concentration gradient Allows an area for the enzymes necessary for the Calvin cycle to work Isolates the working parts and enzymes of the chloroplast from the surrounding cytosol • Extensive membrane surface area of the thylakoids • Small space (lumen) within the thylakoids • Stroma region similar to the cytosol of the cell • Double membrane on the outside

  8. QUESTIONS???

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