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1920s

1920s. THE JAZZ AGE. The 1920 census showed that for the first time in American history more people lived in urban than in rural areas and urban centers began to dominate the American culture. The end of WWI brought disillusionment as Americans wondered if the sacrifice was worth the outcome.

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1920s

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  1. 1920s THE JAZZ AGE
  2. The 1920 census showed that for the first time in American history more people lived in urban than in rural areas and urban centers began to dominate the American culture.
  3. The end of WWI brought disillusionment as Americans wondered if the sacrifice was worth the outcome. As a result, Americans started a movement toward materialism and hedonism.
  4. THE 1920s SAW MAJOR CHANGES IN AMERICAN SOCIETY
  5. CHANGES IN SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY The automobile changed life more than any other invention as Henry Ford perfected the assembly line.
  6. A new Model T could be assembled in 93 min. The cost fell to $295 meaning more people could afford to own an auto, which increased demand for related industries.
  7. WHAT RELATED INDUSTRIES?
  8. Roads & highways, auto parts stores, service stations, hotels, restaurants, vacation sites and the development of suburbia!
  9. As people moved out of the inner city business moved in and built up with tall skyscrapers.
  10. New technology also helped to develop a mass culture…… The radio started to homogenize the American culture by the mid 1920s.
  11. The first commercial radio station opened in 1920. KDKA in Pittsburgh. By the end of the decade nearly every home had a radio.
  12. The growth of the movie industry also impacted the American culture with stars like Charlie Chaplin. W.D. Griffith made one of the first feature length movies (1 1/2 hours long) titled “The Birth of a Nation.”
  13. The next innovation came in 1927 with the film “The Jazz Singer” which was the first film with a sound track and starred Al Jolson. The phonograph also improved and was widely used as home entertainment.
  14. Movie stars and sports stars became idols in the 1920s. Newspapers hyped the drama of sports and spectator sports gained popularity.
  15. SPORTS STARS OF THE 1920s William Tilden - tennis Bobby Jones - golf Jack Dempsey - boxing Red Grange - football The biggest sports name was...
  16. George Herman “Babe” Ruth
  17. The other big hero of the decade Charles Lindbergh “Lucky Lindy”
  18. Labor saving devices that had only been available to the rich were now mass marketed such as vacuum cleaners, refrigerators, washing machines, electric irons, and toasters.
  19. These devices changed the life of American women giving them more free time. Another change for women… Reliable contraceptives became available.
  20. In 1921, Margaret Sanger formed the American birth control league to dispense information about birth control methods.
  21. Other advancements included canned and frozen food, cigarette lighters, telephones (still only for the very rich) and air conditioning.
  22. The automobile also caused a boom in construction and the first coast to coast highway was completed. Highway 66—Route 66
  23. Electricity use also spread and by 1929 1/2 of private homes had electricity. Big business also expanded with companies like Radio Corporation of America.
  24. The growth of business changed marketing and buying on credit expanded purchasing power. This led to the birth of the modern advertising industry.
  25. Listerine came up with new way to expand sales: They created a new disease… HALLITOSIS! Louis Chevrolet offered autos in a variety of colors to compete with Ford.
  26. The 1920s also saw changes in working conditions as the 8 hour day became common. Welfare Capitalism became the new plan of American business.
  27. Workers were given vacation time and nurses were hired to take care of ill workers. Union membership declined as working conditions improved.
  28. Problem… Without unions wages did not rise, so while workers had more time off they had no money to spend and as prices increased they could not buy the products they made.
  29. Results of changes: New freedoms for women led to flaming youth and flappers. The first Miss America Pageant was held in 1921.
  30. THE NEW WOMAN The flapper Wanted to shock elders Short hair, rolled down stockings, short skirts, cigarettes
  31. Employment opportunities were still limited to clerical jobs for women. Black women were still only doing domestic service jobs.
  32. The “return to normalcy” meant a return to isolationism in the 1920s. The only reminder of the war was the huge war debt owed by Germany.
  33. England still owed the U.S. $4 billion, France $3 billion, and Italy $1.6 billion. Germany owed over $30 billion to the allies and was in default.
  34. Charles Dawes came up with the Dawes plan. The German Mark had become worthless so the U.S. began loaning money to Germany so that it could repay its debt.
  35. A schedule of payments was graduated so that Germany could begin repaying the debt with U.S. Loans. The issue was resolved for the moment and Dawes received the Nobel Peace Prize.
  36. Changes created friction in American society, as a rift developed between the cities and the rural areas. Cities were seen as lawless, decadent places.
  37. Part of the view of the cities was due to prohibition. WWI aided the passage of prohibition, since most beer makers were German.
  38. Prohibition failed and turned many Americans into lawbreakers and even corrupted law enforcement as police often looked the other way.
  39. IT ALSO HELPED THE GROWTH OF ORGANIZED CRIME AND GANGSTERS LIKE AL CAPONE
  40. Two trials also caught the attention of America in the 1920s. The first was the trial of Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti who were accused of robbery and murder.
  41. Both were anarchists and the “unbiased” Judge Thayer referred to them as “dagos” and “sons of bitches.” They were convicted and electrocuted on circumstantial evidence.
  42. The other trial was the Scopes or monkey trial. The law in Tennessee made it illegal to teach evolution in school and the ACLU wanted to find a test case.
  43. John Scopes agreed to be that case and Clarence Darrow was hired to be his lawyer. The prosecution lawyer was William Jennings Bryan. Scopes was fined $100.
  44. Life for African-Americans did not improve in the 20s and a new black leader emerged. Marcus Garvey founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA).
  45. He brought the message of black nationalism and emphasized separatism. The Black Star Shipping Line was established to return blacks to Africa.
  46. The Black Star Line fell into financial trouble and Garvey was investigated by the Justice Dept. He was convicted of mail fraud and deported.
  47. The 1920s also saw the revival of the KKK by history teacher William Simmons in Georgia. Hiram Evans promoted it into a national organization with 6 million members at its peak.
  48. The new Klan was anti-Black, anti-Jew, anti-Catholic, anti-Urban and anti-immigrant of any kind. It supported prohibition and was against immorality.
  49. One of the Klan leaders was convicted of kidnapping and raping a white woman which caused the membership to decline to 9000 by 1930.
  50. 1920s FLAPPERS
  51. BEAUTY CONTEST ?
  52. GOTTA DANCE
  53. FUN FUN FUN!
  54. Next Time 1920s Politics
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