Zooplankton Community Mr. Don Ingles’ Pond

1. Zooplankton CommunityMr. Don Ingles’ Pond Final Lab Report Fish 415 Limnology Jordan Nielson KC Deife Eric Johnson

2. Outline • Introduction /Objectives • Methods • Results/Analysis • Discussion • Recommendations

3. Introduction • Location • Age of the Pond • Stocking History • Problems with the pond – Mr. Ingles

4. Objectives • Determine the zooplankton types and abundance • Littoral and Pelagic Areas

5. Methods – Schindler trap • Schindler Trap • At surface and every meter in three spots on the north side of the pond

6. Methods – Kick net • Kick net at shoreline from the three sites • 3 meters from shoreline • 3 – 1 meter sweeps at each site • % visual analysis of large macros

7. Methods – Beach seining • Seine at each shore location for presence/absence of species

8. Methods – Analysis of Pelagic Zooplankton Counts • MANOVA • Data examined for site, depth, and zooplankton type effects on count • Kruskal-Wallis and Jonckheere-Terpstra on depth in deep and mid sites • 2-Way ANOVA – Data from entire pond • Site and Zooplankton weighted by count • Tukey classification on zooplankton

9. Results – Schindler trap • MANOVA • No site or depth effect • Zooplankton type effect* • KW and JT showed difference in depth at mid site* • 2-way ANOVA • Copepods more abundant than all other types counted* • Only Asplanchna were counted in the rotifer category • Too many small rotifers to count – the most abundant zooplankton *All significant differences have P<0.05

10. Average Zooplankton by Depth and Type at Mid-Site 100 90 80 Surface 70 1-Meter 60 50 # per liter 40 30 20 10 0 Cladocera Copepoda Chaoborus Rotifera

11. Results – Schindler trap • MANOVA • No site or depth effect • Zooplankton type effect* • KW and JT showed difference in depth at mid site* • 2-way ANOVA • Copepods more abundant than all other types counted* • Only Asplanchna were counted in the rotifer category • Too many small rotifers to count – the most abundant zooplankton *All significant differences have P<0.05

12. Average Zooplankton per Liter for Pelagic Area 90 80 B 70 Different letters indicate levels of significance P<0.05 60 50 # per liter 40 A 30 A 20 A 10 0 Cladocera Copepoda Chaoborus Rotifera

13. Odonata/Hemiptera Diptera Mollusca Results – Kick Net • Several large macroinvertebrates found at each site Deep Mid Shallow 10% 10% 15% 40% 60% 75% 90%

14. Results – Beach Seining • Beach Seining • Approximately 15 larval bluegill were caught at each site

15. Lack of habitat/cover – only a few rocks Fish structure – only small bluegill found No lack of food for larval fish High number of rotifers – Non – Asplanchna Too many to count in all of the samples Discussion

16. Discussion • Possible large fish eating all of the smaller fish – stocking frequency of fish • IDFG Spring Valley Stocking Records • Trout fishing might be bad because there is no cover and they are getting eaten by large fish • Heating/ O2 in the pond – Summer months

17. Add vegetation on a large portion of banks and in littoral area to provide cover for smaller fish that are stocked. Recommendations

18. Man made structure throughout pond Horizontal at shore, Vertical in pond Recommendations

19. Recommendations • Don’t overstock fish • Cause disease/parasitism die offs • Plot stock recruitment curves • Trophic Cascading

20. Ray Scott’s video "Complete Guide to Creating GREAT SMALL WATERS" (1) "Build World Class Fishing Ponds & Lakes," (2) "How-To Stock & Manage Small Waters for Trophy Bass," and (3) "Rehabilitate Old or Unproductive Waters." Recommendations

21. Questions?