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Low Back Epidemiology

Low Back Epidemiology. 1) 5 th most frequent reason for medical consultation. 2) The cost of low back pain is approaching 100 billion dollars/year. 3) 7.5 million people per year will have significant low back pain 4) Low back pain can be avoided. Causes of Low Back Pain. Aging

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Low Back Epidemiology

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  1. Low Back Epidemiology • 1) 5th most frequent reason for medical consultation. • 2) The cost of low back pain is approaching 100 billion dollars/year. • 3) 7.5 million people per year will have significant low back pain • 4) Low back pain can be avoided.

  2. Causes of Low Back Pain • Aging • Disc and bony changes such as DJD, Stenosis, osteoporosis • Neuro-muscular changes

  3. Causes of Low Back Pain • Acute trauma • Spinal fractures • Disc herniations • Soft tissue injuries

  4. Causes of Low Back Pain • Occupational Stresses • Incorrect lifting technique • Asymmetrical posture • Prolonged sitting

  5. Causes of Low Back Pain • General health risks factors • Obesity • Cigarette smoking • General deconditioning • Diabetes • Cardiovascular disease

  6. Posture – Good and Bad • Poor Posture • Forward Bent (Slump Posture) • Sway Back (Increased Lordosis)

  7. Back – Principles Of Care • Remain close to the object. • Use the largest/strongest muscles. • Widen your BOS. • Use short lever arms. • Avoid twisting when lifting. • Maintain COG close to objects COG. • When possible: push, pull, or slide.

  8. Lifting – Lordosis Model • Deep Squat • Golfer’s Lift • Pushing, Pulling, and Carrying

  9. Deep Squats 1) Object close to body 2) Stabilize lumbar spine 3) Lift with legs

  10. Golfer’s Lift 1) To lift small objects 2) Requires balance 3) Maintain stable spine

  11. Carrying 1) Waist level 2) Hold object close to body 3) Ask for assistance if needed.

  12. Transfer Activities • Utilizing Draw Sheet • Supine to sit • Stand Pivot • One person lift

  13. Utilizing Draw Sheet Position bed Lower side rails Grasps sheet at hips and shoulder Count 1, 2, 3 move

  14. Supine to Sit Transfer Slide pt to edge of bed Instruct pt Position hands Have pt to assist if possible

  15. Supine to Sit Transfers Count 1,2,3 “move” Lift up on pt’s back Slide legs off table Make sure pt is secure

  16. Stand Pivot Transfer Manage environment Position chair parallel to bed Secure gait belt No skid footwear Instruct pt on what you are doing

  17. Stand Pivot Transfer Have pt assist if possible Remember low back mechanics

  18. Fall Prevention • Pt is assessed on admission for risk of fall • Admitting RN assesses each pt • All health care team members participate in fall prevention monitoring

  19. Fall Prevention Intervention • Bed in low position and locked • Call button within reach • Bed rails raised

  20. Pts with risk of falls • Yellow dot on the chart • Yellow dot on patient’s wrist band • Yellow diamonds beside the door

  21. Falls may be caused by: • Health status • Response to medication • External factors in environment

  22. Definition of a Fall • Fall is defined as a patient on the ground secondary to an unplanned occurrence.

  23. All Staff Monitors Pt’s For Falls • Reporting to unit nurse • Assisting fall risk Pt seen OOB • Observe pt in room and look for • Leg over rails • Sliding down in chair

  24. Fitness Center

  25. Fitness Center

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