Sun-Solar System Connection Roadmap: 2005-2035

1. Sun-Solar System ConnectionRoadmap: 2005-2035

2. Sun-Solar System Connection Objectives Agency Strategic Objective: Explore the Sun-Earth system to understand the Sun and its effects on the Earth, the solar system, and the space environmental conditions that will be experienced by human explorers, and demonstrate technologies that can improve future operational systems Open the Frontier to Space Environment Prediction Understand the fundamental physical processes of the space environment – from the Sun to Earth, to other planets, and beyond to the interstellar medium Understand the Nature of Our Home in Space Understand how human society, technological systems, and the habitability of planets are affected by solar variability and planetary magnetic fields Safeguard The Journey of Exploration Maximize the safety and productivity of human and robotic explorers by developing the capability to predict the extreme and dynamic conditions in space

3. External and Internal Factors • We are poised to transform knowledge and provide predictive understanding of the SSSC system • Our technological society needs space weather knowledge to function efficiently • Human beings require space weatherpredictions to work safely and productively in space

4. Nature of the Challenge • A quantitative, predictive understanding of a complex system of systems • Microphysical processes regulate global & interplanetary structures • Multi-constituent plasmasand complex photochemistry • Non-linear dynamic responses • Integration and synthesis of multi-point observations • Data assimilative models & theory • Interdisciplinary communities and tools Solar CME engulfing the Earth: http://sun.stanford.edu/roadmap/NewZoom2.mov

5. We Have Already Begun! Space Storms at Earth Disturbed Mars-Space & Atmospheric Loss Dangerous Radiation Space Storms at the Outer Planets Disturbed Upper Atmosphere Solar System Blast Wave • Current Sun-Earth missions provide a prototype “SSSC Great Observatory”, providing a first look at the system level view and informing the roadmap plan • Theory, modeling, and observational tools now exist or can be developed to yield both transformational knowledge of the Sun-Earth system and provide needed tools and space weather knowledge for human exploration and societal needs • The SSSC Great Observatory must adapt as new questions and capabilities arise.

6. Sun Solar System Connection Roadmap Development Framework Elements of Strategy National Objectives NASA Strategic Objective #15 Vision for Space Exploration NAS Decadal Survey and additional studies OSS/SEC 2003 Roadmaps Objectives Frontier, Home, Journey Research Focus Areas Investigations Missions & Supporting Elements Setting Priorities Current Budget Mission Scenario Optimized Mission Scenario Education & Public Outreach STP LWS Explorers Great Observatory Low Cost Access to Space Technology Supporting Research Programs Potential Achievements Flow Down: Required Understanding Capability Measurements

7. Open the Frontier to Space Weather Prediction Understand the fundamental physical processes of the space environment – from the Sun to Earth, to other planets, and beyond to the interstellar medium 1) Understand magnetic reconnection as revealed in solar flares, coronal mass ejections, and geospace storms 2) Understand the plasma processes that accelerate and transport particles throughout the solar system 3) Understand the role of plasma neutral interactions in nonlinear coupling of regions throughout the solar system 4) Understand the creation of variability of magnetic dynamos and how they drive the dynamics of solar, planetary and stellar environments

8. Understand the Nature of our Home in Space Understand how human society, technological systems, and the habitability of planets are affected by solar variability and planetary magnetic fields 1) Understand the causes and subsequent evolution of solar activity that affects Earth’s space climate and environment 2) Understand changes in the Earth’s magnetosphere, ionosphere, and upper atmosphere to enable specification, prediction, and mitigation of their effects 3) Understand the Sun's role as an energy source to the Earth’s atmosphere, particularly the role of solar variability in driving atmospheric and climate change 4) Apply our understanding of space plasma physics to the role of stellar activity and magnetic shielding in planetary system evolution and habitability

9. Safeguard the Journey of Exploration Maximize the safety and productivity of human and robotic explorers by developing the capability to predict the extreme and dynamic conditions in space 1) Characterize the variability and extremes of the space environments that will be encountered by human and robotic explorers 2) Develop the capability to predict the origin of solar activity and disturbances associated with potentially hazardous space weather 3) Develop the capability to predict the acceleration and propagation of energetic particles in order to enable safe travel for human and robotic explorers 4) Understand how space weather affects planetary environments to minimize risk in exploration activities

10. Sun-Solar System Connection Roadmap Goal Structure Phase 1: 2005-2015 Phase 2: 2015-2025 Phase 3: 2025-beyond Open the Frontier to Space Environment Prediction Understand the Nature of our Home in Space Safeguard the Journey of Exploration • Develop technologies, observations, and knowledge systems that support operational systems

11. Sun-Solar System Mission Recommendations Phase 1 Sun-Earth-Moon System Characterization of System Phase 2 Sun - Terrestrial Planets Modeling of System Elements Phase 3 Sun-Solar System System Forecasting Future Mission Recommendations Solar: SDO,Solar-B CMEs & Heliosphere: SDO, STEREO, IHSentinels, Solar Sail Demo Radiation: RBSP, IHSentinels Geospace Impacts: MMS, RBSP,THEMIS, ITSP/ITImager Climate Impacts: SDO,AIM Moon, Mars Awareness: LRO, MSL, ADAM Interstellar Boundary:IBEX Inner Boundary: Solar Probe :Solar Processes: MTRAP, RAM Heliospheric Structure & Disturbances: HIGO, SPI/Telemachus Geospace System Impacts: AAMP, IMC, ITMC, ITMW Solar System Space Weather: DBC, FS/Shields Planetary Orbiters: IoE, SCOPE, NO, TE, VAP Interstellar Medium: Interstellar Probe Habitability: Stellar Imager Solar Processes: Solar Orbiter Geospace System Impacts: GEC, GEMINI, MagCon Climate Impacts: L1 Earth-Sun, SECEP Mars Atmosphere: Mars Atmospheric Reconnaissance Satellite Space Weather Stations: Heliostorm Solar System Space Weather: SEPM, SWBuoys Planetary Orbiters: Pluto/Kuiper, JPO/JUNO Forecast Hazards Already In Develop-ment or Formulation Explorer Partnership Recommended Model Systems Characterize Environments 2005 2015 2025 2035 Distributed small assets that form an evolving sensor web to sample the vast connection from the Sun to planetary environments and beyond

12. Sun-Solar System Mission RecommendationsOptimized Program In Development In Development Recommended Partnership New Initiative Partnership Flagship missions and partnerships: Recommendation: Obtain additional resources and work with partners to implement these missions

13. Sun-Solar System Mission RecommendationsCurrent Constrained Budget Lines In Development Recommended New Initiative Partnership Flagship missions and partnerships: Recommendation: Obtain additional resources and work with partners to implement these missions Optimized program will require more resources …

14. Sun-Solar System Connection Summary