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Module 6 Tiredness and Fatigue

Module 6 Tiredness and Fatigue. ICAO definition of Fatigue.

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Module 6 Tiredness and Fatigue

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  1. Module 6Tiredness and Fatigue

  2. ICAO definition of Fatigue A physiological state of reduced mental or physical performance capability, resulting from sleep loss or extended wakefulness, that can impair a crewmembers alertness and ability to safely operate an aircraft or to perform safety related duties

  3. Fatigue can be either physiological or subjective • Physiological fatigue • This reflects the body’s need for replenishment and restoration. It is tied in with factors, such as recent physical activity, current health, consumption of alcohol and with circadian rhythms • Subjective fatigue • This is an individual’s perception of how sleepy they feel. This is not only affected by when they last slept and how good the sleep was but other factors, such as degree of motivation

  4. 3 Types of Fatigue • 1) Sensorial fatigue • 2) Muscular fatigue • 3) Mental fatigue

  5. 5 Stages of Sleep • Stage 1: Transitional Sleep • Stage 2: Light sleep • Stage 3: A deeper sleep • Stage 4: This is the deepest stage of sleep • Rapid Eye Movement or REM Sleep

  6. Sleep Cycles

  7. Circadian Rhythms

  8. Sleep Urge ‘v’ Sleep Need

  9. Effects of sleep loss • List the effects sleep loss has on the following: • Mental processing • Mood • Task performance

  10. Corporate Airlines Jetstream 32Kirksville - 19 Oct 2004

  11. BAe-J32 N875JX

  12. BAe-J32 N875JXEnd of day outcome

  13. Aim • The aim of this case study analysis, is to consider why neither pilot recognized or took action to correct the airplane’s descent rate and proximity to the ground, during the later stages of the approach to Kirksville (IRK).

  14. Objectives • The objectives of this session are to: • Identify the operational and human factors issues involved in the accident • Determine the importance of pilot professionalism and adherence to SOPs • Establish the impact of fatigue on performance • In order to understand the importance of taking the appropriate actions to prevent, trap or mitigate similar issues in your own flight operation.

  15. Question • Have you ever experienced: • Long duty days • Limited rest periods • Demanding flying conditions (eg. NPA in poor wx conditions) • Very relaxed relationship with your colleagues when flying.

  16. Video

  17. Overview • BAe-J32 N875JX - 19 seats plus 2 cockpit • Kirksville regional airport, Missouri • Struck trees on finals short of rwy 36 • 2 crew plus 13 pax onboard • Capt (PF), FO (PNF) & 11 pax killed. 2 pax seriously injured • Aircraft destroyed by post impact fire • Operating on IFR flight plan

  18. Crew Details • Capt • 48yrs old • 4234 hrs total time • 2510 hrs on type • First Officer • 28yrs old • 2856 hrs total time • 107 hrs on type

  19. WX at destination • Night / IMC prevailed • Ceiling overcast at 300’ • 040 / 5kts • Vis ≈ 3nm in mist • Temp & dew point both 9 degrees C.

  20. Abbreviations • IRK Kirksville • BRL Burlington • STL St Louis • UIN Quincy • DME • MDA • FAF • TDZE • MAP • IMC • AGL • FAA • CVR • VASI

  21. Handout • All: • Read handout individually and identify any operational / human factors present • Group 1: • List on flip chart issues relating to pilot fatigue • Group 2: • List on flip chart issues relating to pilot professionalism & SOPs

  22. Captain’s estimated duty and sleep schedule

  23. Approx 950ml commute

  24. Map of the accident region Wake up call 04:10 & 04:30 Duty period starts 05:14 Flt 1. 05:44 BRL to STL (arr 06:44) 4 1 5 2 3 6 • Next 2 x Flts (UIN & return) canx • Flt 2. 12:36 to IRK • Flt 3. return to STL arr 14:53 • Flt 4. 15:13 STL to BRL • Flt 5. return STL • Flt 6. 18:42 STL to IRK

  25. Approach Profile

  26. NTSB Probable causes • Failure to follow established procedures and properly conduct a non-precision instrument approach at night in IMC • Descent below the MDA before required visual cues were available (which continued unmoderated until impact with trees) • Failure to adhere to the established division of duties between the PF & PNF

  27. NTSB Contributing Factors • Pilots' failure to make standard callouts • FAA Regs allowing pilots to descend below the MDA into a region where safe obstacle clearance isn’t assured based upon seeing only the airport approach lights. • The pilots' unprofessional behaviour & non adherence to sterile cockpit procedures • Fatigue contributing to their degraded performance.

  28. Safety Board Conclusion Regarding Fatigue • On the basis of: • The less than optimal overnight rest time available • The early reporting time for duty, the length of the duty day and the number of flight legs • The demanding conditions (non-precision instrument approaches flown manually in conditions of low ceilings and reduced visibilities) encountered during the long duty day and the two previous days • It is likely that fatigue contributed to the pilots’ degraded performance and decision-making.

  29. Objectives • The objectives of this session are to: • Identify the operational and human factors issues involved in the accident • Determine the importance of pilot professionalism and adherence to SOPs • Establish the impact of fatigue on performance • In order to understand the importance of taking the appropriate actions to prevent, trap or mitigate similar issues in your own flight operation.

  30. Question • Have you ever experienced: • Long duty days • Limited rest periods • Demanding flying conditions (eg. NPA in poor wx conditions) • Relaxed relationship with your colleagues

  31. Questions

  32. Global House, Worley CourtBolesworth Road, TattenhallCheshire, CH3 9HLUnited Kingdom Tel + 44 (0) 1829 771 334 Web: www.globalaviation.comEmail: ops@globalaviation.com

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