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The Art of the Italian Renaissance

The Art of the Italian Renaissance. Big Questions. How can we define the RENAISSANCE? Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy in the 1300 ’ s? What is the Renaissance in relation to Culture Society Politics Economics. Definition of Renaissance.

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The Art of the Italian Renaissance

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  1. The Art of the Italian Renaissance

  2. Big Questions • How can we define the RENAISSANCE? • Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy in the 1300’s? • What is the Renaissance in relation to • Culture • Society • Politics • Economics

  3. Definition of Renaissance • “rebirth” of the glories of the classic Greece & Rome • began in Italy in the mid 14th Cent. & spread to the Rest of Europe into the 16th Cent. • Reemergence of classical culture & ideals especially in intellectual, literary & artistic pursuits.

  4. Beginnings in Italy • Italian city states (Florence, Venice, Milan, etc) • Extreme wealth due to center of trade • Italians were willing to spend a lot of money on art. • Art communicated social, political, and spiritual values. • Italian banking & trade interests had the money • Guilds supported the commission of art  Patronage • Medici Family prime example! • Art demonstrate power  More Art = More Power

  5. INTELLECTUAL HALLMARKS OF THE RENAISSANCE • INDIVIDUALISM • INDIVIDUAL PERSONALITY, GREATNESS, ACHIEVEMENT • HUMANISM • INTEREST IN ANTIQUITY: ARCHAEOLOGY, MANUSCRIPTS, LATIN CLASSICS • STUDY OF CLASSICS KNOWN AS “NEW LEARNING” • DESIRE TO KNOW HUMAN NATURE & HISTORY • CIVIC HUMANISM: USE LEARNING & TALENTS TO IMPROVE YOUR CITY/SOCIETY • SECULARISM • FOCUS ON WORLD, NOT SPIRIT • LIFE AN OPPORTUNITY, NOT JUST PATH TO GOD • PLEASURE & MATERIAL GOODS O.K.

  6. Characteristics of Renaissance Art

  7. 1. Realism & Expression • Expulsion fromthe Garden • Masaccio • 1427 • First nudes sinceclassical times.

  8. 2. Perspective • The Trinity • Masaccio • 1427 Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! Perspective! First use of linear perspective!

  9. 3. Classicism • Greco-Roman influence. • Secularism. • Humanism. • Individualism  free standing figures. • Symmetry/Balance The “Classical Pose”Medici “Venus” (1c)

  10. 4. Empasis on Individualism • Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre: The Duke & Dutchess of Urbino • Piero della Francesca, 1465-1466.

  11. 5. Geometrical Arrangement of Figures • The Dreyfus Madonna with the Pomegranate • Leonardo da Vinci • 1469 • The figure as architecture!

  12. 6. Light & Shadowing/Softening Edges Sfumato Chiaroscuro

  13. Themes of Renaissance • Religious • Classical • Mythology • Beauty/Dignity of Man

  14. New Techniques • 3-D Linear • Perspective • Light & Shadow • Vibrant Colors • Symmetry/Balance

  15. Renaissance Florence

  16. Renaissance Florence Florentine lion:symbol of St. Mark The Wool Factoryby Mirabello Cavalori, 1570 1252 – first gold florins minted

  17. Cosimo de Medici “the Elder” Lorenzo the Magnificent Cosimo de Medici 1389-1464 1517 - 1574 1478 - 1521

  18. Florence Under the Medici Medici Chapel The Medici Palace

  19. Filippo Brunelleschi • Commissioned to build the cathedral dome. • Used unique architectural concepts. • He studied the ancient Pantheon in Rome. • Used ribs for support.

  20. Brunelleschi’s Dome

  21. Dome Comparisons Il Duomo St. Peter’s St. Paul’s US capital (Florence) (Rome) (London) (Washington)

  22. The Liberation of Sculpture • David by Donatello • 1430 • First free-form bronze since Roman times!

  23. The Renaissance 'Individual'

  24. The Renaissance “Man” • Broad knowledge about many things in different fields. • Deep knowledge/skill in one area. • Able to link information from different areas/disciplines and create new knowledge. • The Greek ideal of the “well-rounded man”was at the heart of Renaissance education.

  25. Vitruvian Man • Leonardo daVinci • 1492 TheL’uomouniversale

  26. Self-Portrait -- da Vinci, 1512 • Artist • Sculptor • Architect • Scientist • Engineer • Inventor 1452 - 1519

  27. Leonardo, the Artist • The Virgin of the Rocks • Leonardo daVinci • 1483-1486

  28. Leonardo, the Artist:From his Notebooks of over 5000 pages (1508-1519)

  29. Mona Lisa – da Vinci, 1503-4

  30. The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498& Geometry

  31. The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498 vertical horizontal Perspective!

  32. Leonardo, the Sculptor • An Equestrian Statue • 1516-1518

  33. Leonardo, the Architect:Pages from his Notebook • Study of a central church. • 1488

  34. Leonardo, the Architect:Pages from his Notebook • Plan of the city of Imola, 1502.

  35. Leonardo, the Scientist (Biology):Pages from his Notebook • An example of the humanist desire to unlock the secrets of nature.

  36. Leonardo, the Scientist (Anatomy): Pages from his Notebook

  37. Leonardo, the Inventor:Pages from his Notebook

  38. Leonardo, the Engineer: Pages from his Notebook Studies of water-lifting devices. A study of siege defenses.

  39. Renaissance Rome

  40. 2. Michelangelo Buonorrati • 1475 – 1564 • He represented the body in three dimensions of sculpture.

  41. David • MichelangeloBuonarotti • 1504 • Marble

  42. The Popes as Patrons of the Arts • The Pieta • MichelangeloBuonarroti • 1499 • marble

  43. The Sistine ChapelMichelangelo Buonarroti1508 - 1512

  44. The Sistine Chapel’s CeilingMichelangelo Buonarroti1508 - 1512

  45. The Sistine Chapel Details The Creation of the Heavens

  46. The Sistine Chapel Details Creation of Man

  47. The Sistine Chapel Details The Last Judgment

  48. 3. Raffaello Sanzio (1483-1520) Self-Portrait, 1506 Portrait of the Artist with a Friend, 1518

  49. Baldassare Castiglione by Raphael,1514-1515 • Castiglione represented the humanist “gentleman” as a man of refinement and self-control.

  50. Perspective! Betrothal of the Virgin Raphael 1504

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