6.1: Industrialization & Politics: The Gilded Age

1. 6.1: Industrialization & Politics:The Gilded Age • What does it mean when something is Gilded? What does this imply about this age in US History?

2. USA in the Gilded Age: 1870-1900 Industrialization Ranching, Mining, Farming Reconstruction & Rise of Jim Crow

3. USA in the Gilded Age: 1870-1900 The South: After the failure of Reconstruction in 1877, the South entered the Jim Crow era

4. Sharecropping & Segregation

5. USA in the Gilded Age: 1870-1900 The West: Farmers, ranchers, & miners closed the last of the frontier at the expense of Indians

6. Mining was the 1st attraction to the West; Miners created “instant towns” in areas where gold or silver was discovered

7. Cattle Ranchers on the “Open Range”

8. The Farming Bonanza • In 1862, the U.S. government began the Homestead Actwhich encouraged farmers to settle in the West by offering 160 acres of land to families who promised to live there for 5 years A pioneer sod house

9. Morrill Act (1862) • Law passed to encourage teaching western farmers new industrialized farming practices • Federal land given to states; states must build colleges on the land for teaching agricultural & mechanical arts)

10. Granger Laws • Laws passed by some Western and Midwestern states to regulate the price of railroad tickets/shipments • Created b/c farmers complained about RR companies charging more $$ for shorter distances

11. Irish workers made up a large percentage of laborers on the eastern section Chinese workers made up a large percentage of laborers on the western leg 1sttranscontinental railroad connected the west coast to eastern cities in 1869

13. Populists • Populists were westerners who wanted • “Free silver” (Bi-metalism) • Regulation of railroads • Income tax (16th Amendment) -1913 • Direction election of senators (17th Amendment) - 1913

14. Effects of the Populist party • 16th & 17th Amendments (1913) • Initiative: Voters can initiate ideas for new laws • Referendum: Voters can mark ballots for/against specific laws • Gov’t ownership of Railroads • Gov’t ownership of telephone & telegraph companies

15. Native Americans in the West: Major Battles & Reservations • Little Big Horn—Sioux surrounded & killed US Army division led by Custer • Wounded Knee—Indians were killed to stop performance of Ghost Dance ritual

16. The Original Native Americans Indian tribes retained only a few reservations set aside by the U.S. government

17. USA in the Gilded Age: 1870-1900 The North: Experienced an industrial revolution, mass immigration, & urbanization

18. America became the world’s leader in railroad, steel, & oil production

19. “Big Business” • Monopolies (trusts): Companies that controlled the majority of one industry: • Rockefeller’s Standard Oil • Carnegie’s U.S. Steel • Vanderbilt’s railroads

22. Sherman Anti-Trust Law • Law created to break up trusts/monopolies • Used to break up Standard Oil into smaller companies • Protects competition (and therefore consumers) • Infuriated some Industrialists: • “Why Can’t we get as big as our skills allow us?” “Why hinder success?”

23. Robber Barons or Captains of Industry?

24. “New Immigration” & Urbanization

26. Ellis Island was the primary receiving port for _________ immigrants. Asian immigrants were primarily processed at ______ Island in the San Francisco Bay. European Angel

27. Working & Living Conditions

29. The Thirteenth Amendment ended 32 • slavery  • Black codes  • the Civil War  • Jim Crow Laws 9

30. The court case that established the "separate but equal" doctrine was   32 • Marbury vs. Madison. • Dred Scott vs. Sanford. • Miranda vs. Arizona. • Plessy vs. Ferguson. 9

31. This labor union (created by Samuel Gompers) was open only to skilled, white male workers 32 • American Federation of Labor. • Knights of Labor. • Wobblies. • National Workers Association. 7

32. Poor, run-down urban apartments were also called: 32 • slums • tenements • suburbs • skyscrapers 9

33. Outlawing the Indian Sun (Ghost) Dance in 1890 resulted in the 32 • Battle of Little Big Horn • Battle of Potowanamie Creek • Massacre at Sand Creek. • Battle of Wounded Knee. 9

34. The two factors that did most to encourage western settlement after the Civil War were 32 • the gold rush & cattle economy • the Homestead Act & the railroad • removal of the buffalo & Native Americans from the plains • the removal of the Indians & the gold rush 9

35. Which best explains why Standard Oil was so successful 32 • interlocking directorate • buying stocks “on the margin” • labor unions • horizontal integration 9

36. Which population trend occurred in the U.S. from 1860 to 1920? 32 • fewer Eastern & Southern European immigrants coming to America • the growth of the suburbs • people moved from the North to the South • growth in American cities 9

37. 5 0 The size and power of John D. Rockefeller’s Standard Oil Company caused which of the following? • The government created anti-trust laws. • The public accepted the benefits of monopolies. • Many other businessmen entered the oil business. • Many wealthy people chose to give away millions of dollars.

38. 5 0 Which of the following contributed MOST to the forced removal of Native Americans from the Great Plains from 1867 to 1890? • the desire to establish military posts • the building of new canals • the westward shift of the frontier • the desire for more land to grow cotton