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Cost and Price Models of Scholarly E-Journals

Discover the reality behind scholarly e-journal costs, alternative price models, and the impact of electronic publishing. Learn about the publishing chain and various options for funding scholarly content. Find out why traditional subscription models may be evolving.

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Cost and Price Models of Scholarly E-Journals

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  1. Cost and Price Models of Scholarly E-Journals • Carol Tenopir • University of Tennessee • ctenopir@utk.edu

  2. WhatDoesitCost?TheHype • “Publish for free on the Internet” • “Everything’s digitized…[so] everyone here can get published” • “Web self-publishing … [is] poised to push old-school publishing giants aside”

  3. Publishing Chain Author Reader Editor Library Publisher Consortia Vendor Indexer

  4. What Does it Cost? The Reality • Article Processing • Non-article processing • Journal Reproduction • Distribution • Publishing Support

  5. The minimum price necessary to recover costs at various levels of circulation Number of Subscribers Cost/print subscription E-savings $993 $140 $93 $55 11% 37% 52% 84% 500 5,000 10,000 50,000

  6. Decreases in Personal Subscriptions

  7. Why Have Costs Increased? • Increase in Articles, Issues, “Pages” 2) Start-up E-system costs 3) Higher labor costs • Living in a dual-mode publishing world • Publishers’ overhead/market forces

  8. Journal Characteristics

  9. Journal Characteristics

  10. Alternative Cost Models • Reduce publishers’ “value add” • Reduce publishers’ overhead • Institutional/individual contributions

  11. What are the prices?

  12. Increase in Expenditures

  13. Average Price Per Title:Science Journals 1996-2002 Sources: Library Journal, April 15, 2000, and April 15, 2002.

  14. Serial & Monograph Expenditures Source: Monograph and Serial Costs in ARL Libraries. http://www.arl.org/newsltr/210/coststbl.html. Accessed September 30, 2002.

  15. Scholarly Publishing at the Crossroads Institutional Repositories SPARC Society Publishers E-Print Service Commercial Publishers BioMed Central Self-Archives

  16. Is a Subscription Model Obsolete?

  17. Alternative Price Models (Open Access) • Pay to publish (Author pays) • Institutional repositories • Volunteers/good will/self archiving

  18. Who Pays • Authors • Universities • Another not-for-profit body • Advertisers

  19. Three Main Options • With Traditional Publishers in traditional ways 2.New Relationship with Publishers 3. Without Traditional Publishers

  20. New Relationships • SPARC (Scholarly Publishing and Academic Researches Coalition) • BioMed Central • Public Library of Science

  21. Without Traditional Publishers • Institutional Repositories (“University Archiving”) • Self-Archiving • E-Print Service (e.g., arXiv.org)

  22. Publishing Chain Author Reader Editor Library Publisher Consortia Vendor Indexer

  23. Publishing Chain Author Reader Editor Library Publisher Consortia Vendor Indexer

  24. Publishing Chain Author Reader Library Publisher Consortia Vendor Indexer

  25. Publishing Chain Author Reader Library Consortia Vendor Indexer

  26. Publishing Chain Author Reader Library Consortia Indexer

  27. Publishing Chain Author Reader Library Consortia

  28. Publishing Chain Author Reader Library

  29. Publishing Chain Author Reader

  30. What is Needed? • Commitment • Assurance of quality • Assurance of accessibility • Adherence to standards • Longevity

  31. Electronic publishing doesn’t drastically reduce costs • Intellectual costs are highest • Must work together • Multiple co-existing alternatives

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