英语畅谈中国文化

1. Introducing Chinese Culture in English 英语畅谈中国文化

2. Unit 2 The Wisdom of Laozi 智慧老子 Exploration

3. Laozi’s Appreciation of the World Navigation Embarkation Exploration Destination Resources

4. Navigation The goals of the unit: To understand the theme value of Laozi’s philosophy. Lead - in To appreciate Laozi’s thought on Dao, naturalness and cyclical conception. mapping To learn the ways of translating Laozi’s teachings into English. preparing Destination

5. Embarkation Lead - in preparing Destination Resources

6. Embarkation Lead - in Decide whether the statements are true(T) or false(F). 1 Laozi was the founder of Daoism which is regarded as the indigenous (本土) religion of China. 2 Dao De Jing was penned and compiled by students of Laozi. 3 Laozi taught a large number of students. 4 The word “Laozi” means “an old man” in ancient Chinese. 5. Laozi established a philosophy centered on Dao. F F F F preparing T Destination Resources

7. Embarkation: Preparing Listen to the recording of Dao De Jing in English with the Chinese original. 道可道，非常道； The Tao that can be described is not the enduring and unchanging Tao. The name that can be named is not the enduring and unchanging name. (Conceived of as) having no name, it is the Originator of heaven and earth; (conceived of as) having a name, it is the Mother of all things. 名可名，非常名。 无名天地之始， preparing Destination 有名万物之母。 Resources

8. Embarkation: Preparing 故常无欲， Always without desire we must be found, If its deep mystery we would sound; But if desire always within us be, Its outer fringe is all that we shall see. Under these two aspects, it is really the same; but as development takes place, it receives the different names. Together we call them the Mystery. Where the Mystery is the deepest is the gate of all that is subtle and wonderful. 以观其妙 常有欲， 以观其徼。 此两者同出 而异名， preparing 玄而又玄， 众妙之声。 Destination Resources

9. Exploration Comprehension • Understand the main • ideas of the paragraphs • Translate Laozi’s basic viewpoints preparing Evaluation • “True” and ”False” • Questions and answers Destination Resources

10. Exploration: Comprehension Match the statements with the corresponding paragraphs. 8 7 1 Evaluation 4 preparing 5 Destination

11. Exploration: Comprehension The following are the different ways of translation of Laozi’s basic viewpoints. Which way do you prefer and why? Dao,Tao Way, Way-making Road Divine law Non-action Nothingness Wuwei Non-contention No competition No-fighting Being / Non-being You / Wu Evaluation preparing Resources

12. Exploration: Evaluation Decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the passage. 1 Once something is said to be Dao, it is not real Dao. 2 Everything moves towards its opposite side. 3 Being and non-being interchange into each other. 4 Dao is constant and never changes. 5 Dao can be described in words. T T T F Evaluation F preparing Destination Resources

13. Exploration: Evaluation Read the text and answer the following questions. 1 Why can’t Dao be spoken of? 2 What implication does water give to Laozi’s thinking through opposition? Evaluation preparing

14. Exploration: Comprehension 1 Why can’t Dao be spoken of? Dao can not be described in words because it is profound, obscure and always creates. Its existence can be felt but not expressed in any language. If it is put in words, it is no longer fundamental, basic and lasting. (Paragraph 6) Evaluation preparing Destination Resources

15. Exploration: Comprehension 2 What implication does water give to Laozi’s thinking through opposition? Water is weak and soft. But it can turn to its opposite side --- strong and hard. It can be extremely destructive. Flood can be dangerous. Constant dripping of water wear away a stone. Evaluation preparing Destination Resources

16. Destination Summary Summary Development

17. Destination: Summary Summary The passage discusses Loazi’s thinking of Dao. It refers to several basic concepts of the sage’s viewpoints: meanings of Dao and the features of it. Dao is ______ to the way in which people communicate with the world. Or the law by which everything in the world works. Dao can not be described in words. It is nameless and obscure. Opposition is the way Dao moves. Being (有) and non-being (无) show the characteristics of Dao. Being can ______ into non-being and vice versa. As far as for the origin of everything in the world, Laozi admits that exact ___________ can be the starting point, but he feels that it is necessary to have a substantial beginning with _______ which is being. So non-being and being interchange. Laozi provides a new perspective from which we look at the world. close turn Evaluation preparing nothingness forms Destination Resources

18. Development Discuss the following questions with your partner. 1 What can you learn from Laozi’s ideas of Dao? 2 After reading the passage, which philosopher you like – Confucius or Laozi? Why? Evaluation preparing Destination Resources

19. Resources Difficult sentences Words to note Information related Preview

20. Resources Difficult Sentences The profundity of Dao De Jing intrigues people not only to examine their relationship with the world, but also to think through it. Laozi promotes the sensibility of being integrated with nature without a linquistic system or method of expression. 3. It is The Book of Dao and Dao De Jing that set the foundation for Chinese cosmological studies full of yin-yang interchanging and cyclical return. 4. It can be argued that the ancient Chinese had a cyclical conception of time and space. Summary Destination Resources

21. Exploration: Comprehension Difficult Sentences Do you know the meaning of the sentence in Chinese? 1. The profundityof Dao De Jing intrigues people not only to examine their relationship with the world, but also to think through it. (Paragraph 2) 《道德经》的深刻之处在于，它提示人们不但要去面对人与世界的关系，而且还要把这种关系揭示出来，得出结论。 preparing Destination Resources

22. Exploration: Comprehension Difficult Sentences Do you know the meaning of the sentence in Chinese? 2. Laozi promotes the sensibility of being integrated with nature without a linquistic system or method of expression. (Paragraph 2) 老子提倡与自然融为一体，而不需要语言系统或者表达方式。 preparing

23. Exploration: Comprehension Difficult Sentences How would you explain the sentence in Chinese? 3. It is The Book of Dao and Dao De Jing that set the foundation for Chinese cosmological studies full of yin-yang interchanging and cyclical return. 《易经》和《道德经》共同奠定了中国阴阳转变、循环往复的宇宙观，中国古人用这种循环往复的宇宙观看待时间和空间，与之相反. Evaluation preparing Destination Resources

24. Exploration: Comprehension Difficult Sentences Do you know the meaning of the sentence in Chinese? 4. It can be argued that the ancient Chinese had a cyclical conception of time and space. 中国古人用这种循环往复的宇宙观看待时间和空间，与之相反。 Evaluation preparing Destination Resources

25. Resources Expressions New Words Words to note • comparable • literal • prevail • obscure • perpetuate • integrate with/into • the same is the case of • from perspective

26. Resources: Words to note 1. comparable adj. (A) being equally important, good, bad, etc. (B) similar to sth. else in size, number, quality comparable + to / with Translation the following sentences. 1. The two artists aren’t comparable. T T Evaluation 这两位艺术家无法相提并论。 preparing 2. A flat of comparable size would cost far more in Shanghai. 同样面积的一套房子（公寓）在上海要贵多了。 Destination ant. incomparable

27. Resources: Words to note 2. literal adj. (A) According to the usual meaning of the words 字面 (B) exact 准确 (C) word by word 逐字逐句 Decide the meaning of the following sentences. B This is a literal account of the conversation. Evaluation The beauty of the poem disappear with the literal translation from Chinese into English. preparing C Destination We seem to understand the literal meaning of the sentence. But what is the figurative meaning of it? A Resources

28. Resources: Resources: Words to note 3. prevail v. A. to exist or be widespread 流行 B. to succeed after a struggle 战胜 T T Translate the following sentences . 1. A belief in magic still prevail in some tribes. 有些部落依然盛行巫术。 preparing 2. Justice prevail when he was sent to prison. 当他被送进监狱时，正义战胜了邪恶。 Destination

29. Resources: Resources: Words to note 4. obscure A. adj. unclear or hard to understand 晦涩的,难解的 B. not well known C v. to make sth. difficult to see or understand 遮掩，使难懂 Decide the meanings of the word with a proper letter. 1. He made a speech full of obscure jokes. 2. The clouds obscure the moon. 3. The report obscured the fact that prices have risen. 4. He is an obscure poet. A Evaluation C preparing C B Destination Resources

30. Resources: Resources: Words to note 5. perpetuate perpetuate (v. ): to cause sth. Bad to continue 使继续，保存 perpetual (adj.): lasting forever 持续的，经常 perpetuity (n.): in the state of lasting forever 永远，永存 n. [U] propriety: behavior that is social and moral correct 规范 perpetual perpetuate perpetuity Evaluation Fill in the blanks with the words in the table. preparing 1. I am tired of your _________ complaints. 2. There is some _________ snow on the mountains. 3. The system _________ the division of the society. 4. The law had been promised to Indian tribes in ________. perpetual perpetual Destination perpetuate perpetuity Resources

31. Resources: Expressions integrate with / into to become a part of a group; to put 2 or more things together Translatethe following sentence and phrases. 1. Some immigrants integrate into/with the society quickly. 有些移民很快就适应当地社会生活。 T 2. We need to integrate our findings with others’ 我们需要把我们的发现和他们的发现结合起来。 T Collocation Destination integrative integrity integral 综合，一体化的 完整，正直 Resources 不可缺少的

32. Resources the same is the case of same with sth. same is true with sth. Translate the following sentence. The same is the case of Shanghai, many people in Beijing can not afford to buy their property. T 与上海的情况相同，许多在北京的人也买不起房。 Evaluation preparing Destination Resources

33. Resources from perspective way of thinking; from the viewpoint of Translate the following sentences. 1. Trump views everything from commercial perspective. 特朗普总是从商业角度看待一切事物。 T 2. Taking the perspective of a professor, he considered this paper is not academic and professional. Evaluation preparing T 教授的看来，这篇论文既无学术性也无专业性。 Destination Resources

34. Resources Translation In the Dao De Jing, Laozi established a philosophy system centered on Dao. He refers Dao as invariable and constant Dao. He holds that Dao is the origin of the cosmos and that Dao is characterized by non-action, opposition, shapelessness, namelessness, obscurity, etc. 在《道德经》中，老子建立了以“道”为核心的哲学体系。老子提出的“道”是“非常道”。他认为宇宙万物均起源于“道”， 道具有无为、相反、无形、无名、玄妙等特征。 Evaluation preparing Destination

35. Resources Translation Many Daoist principles have already been Chinese people’s important ideals and norms and have exerted a profound influence on the development of Chinese culture. 道家的许多原理(principles)已经成为中国人重要的理想准则(important ideals and norms), 对于中国文化发展形成了重大影响。 Evaluation preparing Destination

36. Resources Information related About Laozi Laozi was an ancient Chinese philosopher. According to Chinese tradition, Laozi lived in the 6th century BC, however many historians contend that Laozi actually lived in the 4th century BC, which was the period of Hundred Schools of Thought and Warring States Period, while others contend he was a mythical figure. Laozi was credited with writing the seminal Taoist work, the Tao Te Ching, which was originally known as the Laozi. Taishang Laojun was a title for Laozi in the Taoist religion. It refers to one of the Three Pure Ones. Source: Wikipedia Evaluation preparing Destination Resources

37. Resources Abstracted from the Dao De Jing - Chapter 2 All in the world know the beauty of the beautiful, and in doing this they have (the idea of) what ugliness is; they all know the skill of the skilful, and in doing this they have (the idea of) what the want of skill is. So it is that existence and non-existence give birth the one to (the idea of) the other; that difficulty and ease produce the one (the idea of) the other; that length and shortness fashion out the one the figure of the other; that (the ideas of) height and lowness arise from the contrast of the one with the other; that the musical notes and tones become harmonious through the relation of one with another; and that being before and behind give the idea of one following another.

38. Resources Information related Abstracted from the Dao De Jing 第二章 天下皆知美之为美， 斯恶矣； 皆知善之为善， 斯不善已。 故有无相生， 难易相成， 长短相形， 高下相倾， 音声相和， 前后相随。 Evaluation preparing Destination Resources

39. Resources Thank you! Evaluation preparing Destination