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Electronic or Print: Are Scholarly Journals Still Important?. Carol Tenopir, University of Tennessee, USA. Scholarly Journals. Peer-reviewed Have an editorial voice Ongoing publication of articles Published by commercial publisher, scholarly society, or other entity.
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Electronic or Print:Are Scholarly Journals Still Important? Carol Tenopir, University of Tennessee, USA
Scholarly Journals • Peer-reviewed • Have an editorial voice • Ongoing publication of articles • Published by commercial publisher, scholarly society, or other entity
Why Scholarly Journals are Important 1. Scientists read a lot 2. Information in journals is essential 3. Scientists use many ways to get articles 4. Electronic journals are adopted when it is easier 5. Fields have core journals and peripheral
Data From • 15,000 scientists • All fields of science • University and non-university settings • Over 100 organizations
Scholarly Article Readings by Work Field • Engineers ~ 72 articles per year • Physicists ~ 204 articles per year • Chemists ~ 276 articles per year • University medical faculty ~ 322 articles per year
University Medical Faculty 22 minutes per article Chemists 43 minutes per article Physicists 45 minutes per article Engineers 81 minutes per article Time spent reading per article
What Scientists Are Reading • Approx. 50% of readings contain information that is new to the reader • Over 35% of readings are of articles older than one year • Older articles tend to be more valuable to scientists’ work
Usefulness of Article Content • Achievers read more than others • Many purposes of reading • Journals are important compared with other resources
Value of Article Content • Considerable savings result • Improved productivity, quality, and timeliness of work • Users are “willing to pay” for information in time
Average Number of Personal Subscriptions to Scholarly Journals
arXiv.org • Connections averaged 61,000 per day in February 2002 • 35,000 new papers in 2001 • Each article gets an average of 300 downloads per year
E-print Use by ORNL Scientists (2000) • E-prints account for 3.6% of all reading • 1/3 of ORNL scientists are aware of arXiv.org • 1/4 are aware of DOE PrePrint Network
E-print Use by Astronomers (2001) • E-prints account for 21.6% of all reading • 85% of AAS members are aware of arXiv.org or the subset astro-ph • 4.7% aware of DOE PrePrint Network
Bibliographic Database Impact • A strong, linked db leads to journal use • 90% of all Medline searches are in PubMed • Today, the number of PubMed searches ranges from 1/2 to over one million per day • 96.5% of astronomers know and use ADS • Half of them read 6 or more articles per month as a result of ADS use
Reasons for Reading More Separates • Increase in readings 7.5% in 1984 identified by 13.3% in 2000 online searches • Increase in readings 8.6% in 1984 identified by 24.0% in 2000 other persons
ORNLScientists 17.3% Ejournal 3.6% eprints 14% other electronic 35% Total electronic AAS Members 52.7% Ejournal 21.6% eprints 5.3% other electronic 80% Total electronic Electronic Journal Reading
Source (n=99) Percent Personal Print Subscription 41 Library Print Subscription 24 Separate Copy 15 Free Web 6 Electronic Subscription (Library or Personal) 11 Sources of Articles Read: UT Faculty
Sources of Readings % and amount of readings from separate copies Scientists appear to be reading from more journals—at least one article per year from approximately 23 journals, up from 13 in the late 1970s and 18 in the mid-1990s. use of personal subscriptions
Aspects of Journal Readings • Scientists read from an increasing number of journals each year • Half are read less than five times • Only one of 26 have over 25 readings • High reading titles form a core in the discipline (varies, but generally 2-6 titles)
Multiple Co-existing Alternatives • Print journals • E-journals with many links • Articles databases • E-print servers • Authors’ web sites