The EU Institutions and Mechanism

1. The EU Institutions and Mechanism

2. ? • INTERNATIONALIZATION • GLOBALIZATION • INTEGRATION

3. The EU Institutions and Mechanism STAGES OF ECONOMIC INTEGRATION Free Trade Zone Customs Union Common Market Economic Union Political and Economic Union

4. Supranational X Intergovernmental integration co-operation • Community method of supranational integration features : 1) goal - higher level of integration 2) superiority of political goals (F-G reconciliation) 3) supranational central institution

5. History • 1947 - 59 “First steps” - Learning • 1951 TREATY OF PARIS - ECSC • 1957 TREATY OF ROME - EEC and EUROATOM (EAEC)

6. History - continue • 1965 Merger treaty - EC • 1986 Single Act signed (1987 SA in force) • 1992 Maastricht treaty = TEU (1993 in force) • 1997 Amsterdam • 2000 Treaty of Nice • 2003 Athens – Accesson treaties • 2004 East Enlargement • 2004 Treaty on European Constitution signed

7. INSTITUTIONS European Council = Council of EU = Summit heads of governments since 1975 twice a year ( X Council of Europe ) Council of Ministers - ministers with different agendas: ECOFIN – ministers of finance Etc.

8. The Council - voting The number of votes each member state can cast is set by the Treaties. The Treaties also define cases in which: • a simple majority, • a qualified majority • or unanimity are required.

9. Qualified majority From 1 November 2004 will be reached if the following two conditions are met: • if a majority of member states approve in some cases a two-thirds majority); (MIN 16) • a minimum of 232 votes is cast in favour of the proposal, i.e. 72.3 % of the total(321) (almost the same like before) • In addition, a member state may ask for confirmation that the votes in favour represent at least 62% of the total population of the Union. If this is found not to be the case, the decision will not be adopted.

10. Distribution of votes for each member state (from 01/11/2004)

11. The Presidency • EC(Oct 2002) confirmed the rota order until the end of 2006: • EC will decide on the order of the Presidencies for 2007 and the following years by 1 May 2005 at the latest.

12. 2007 – D, Port. 2008 – SL, FR 2009 – CR, S 2010 – E, B 2011 – H, PL 2012 – DK, CY 2013 – IRL, LI 2014 – EL, IT 2015 – LT, LUX 2016 – NL, SK 2017 – M, UK 2018 – EST, BG 2019 – A, ROM 2020 - FIN Presidency – 2007-20

13. European Commission • 25 members: President and Commissioners (each country 1) • General Directorates + special institutions

14. Starting November 22, 2004

15. Barroso´s Commission is comming…

16. Appointments José Manuel Barroso President, Portuguese Margot Wallström Vice President, Institutional Relations and Communication Strategy, Swedish Günter Verheugen Vice President, Enterprise and Industry, German Jacques Barrot Vice President Transport, French Siim Kallas Vice President Administrative Affairs, Audit and Anti-Fraud, Estonian Franco Frattini Vice PresidentJustice, Freedom and Security, Italian Viviane Reding Information Society and Media, Luxembourger Stavros Dimas Environment, Greek Joaquín Almunia Economic and Monetary Affairs, Spanish Danuta Hübner Regional Policy, Polish Joe Borg Fisheries and Maritime Affairs, Maltese

17. Appointments- continue Dalia Grybauskaitė Financial Programming and Budget, Lithuanian Janez Potočnik Science and Research, Slovenian Ján Figel Education, Training, Culture and Multilinguism,  Slovakian Markos Kyprianou Health and Consumers Protection, Cypriot Olli Rehn Enlargement, Finnish Louis Michel Development and Humanitarian Aid, Belgian László Kovacs Taxation and Customs Union, Hungarian Neelie Kroes Competition, Dutch Mariann Fischer Boel Agriculture and Rural Development, Danish Benita Ferrero-Waldner External Relations and European Neighbourhood Policy, Austrian Charlie McCreevy Internal Market and Services, Irish Vladimir Špidla Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities, Czech Peter Mandelsor Trade, British Andris Piebalgs Energy Latvian

18. Agriculture Competition Economic and financial affairs Education and culture Employment and social affairs Energy and transport Enterprise Environment Fisheries Health and Consumer Protection Information society Internal Market Joint research Centre Justice and home aafairs Regional policy Research Taxation and custom union Development Enlargement Europe Aid – co-operation- foreign relations Humanitarian aid Trade DG Services:

19. G E N E R A L  S E R V I C E S European Anti-Fraud Office Eurostat Press and Communications Publication Office Secretariat general IN T E R N A L  S E R V I C E S Budget Group of Policy Advisers Informatics Internal Audit Service Interpretation Legal Service Personnel and Administration Translation DG Services- continue:

20. European Parliament • 626 members for 5 years Till 2004 elections: • 732 members after June elections • Direct elections since 1979

21. European ParliamentStrasbourg – main seat

22. European Parliament

23. EP Political fractions composition

24. EP Political fractions

25. Institutions- continue • European Community Court of Justice • Court of Auditors

26. The Court of Justice of the European Communities The Court of Justice is made up of 25 Judges and 8 Advocates-General appointed for 6 years.

27. 1 President (elected from among the judges)25 judges (5 chambers each composed of 3 or 5 judges) The Court of First Instance is currently composed of 25 Judges, at least one from each Member State.  The Judges are appointed for a renewable term of six years by common accord of the governments of the Member States. Subject-matter of actions: all matters, including: agriculture State aid competition commercial policy regional policy social policy institutional law trade mark law transport Staff Regulations The Court of First Instance

28. INSTITUTIONS - continue • ECB – European Central bank • ESCB – Eropean System of Central Banks

29. European Central Bank (Frankfurt a.M.)

30. European Central Bank • ECB + the national central banks together = =Eurosystem = the central banking system of the euro area. • The main objective of the Eurosystem: to maintain price stability = safeguarding the value of the euro.

31. Former Governor of the Banque de France appointed starting Nov 1, 2003 by common accord of the governments of the Member States that have adopted the euro at the level of Executive Heads. He succeed Willem F. Duisenberg, who had been President of the ECB from 1 June 1998 President of the ECBJ.C.Trichet

32. Institutions - continue • EIB • COREPER • Economic and Social Council • Council of Regions • Specific Agencies

33. LEGISLATION • Common body (acquis communataire) ------------------------------------------------------ • Primary legislation • Secondary legislation : * Regulations * Directives * Decisions * Recommendations, Opinions, Resolutions and Declarations

34. LEGISLATION - continue • 3 types of legislative procedures : Consultation Co-operation Co-decisions

35. Policy “integration level” of the EU • COMMON POLICY • POLICY CO-ORDINATION • CONSULTED POLICY • INDEPENDENT POLICY

36. 3D EU Integration Process • Enlargement • Widening • Deepening