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On the Feasibility of Incremental Checkpointing for Scientific Computing

Explore the feasibility of incremental checkpointing for fault-tolerance in scientific computing, evaluating performance and bandwidth requirements. Learn about methodology, challenges, and scalability of this innovative approach.

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On the Feasibility of Incremental Checkpointing for Scientific Computing

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  1. On the Feasibility of Incremental Checkpointing for Scientific Computing Jose Carlos Sancho jcsancho@lanl.gov with Fabrizio Petrini, Greg Johnson, Juan Fernandez and Eitan Frachtenberg Performance and Architectures Lab (PAL)

  2. Talk Overview • Goal • Fault-tolerance for Scientific Computing • Methodology • Characterization of Scientific Applications • Performance Evaluation of Incremental Checkpointing • Concluding Remarks

  3. Goal Prove the Feasibility of Incremental Checkpointing • Frequent • Automatic • User-transparent • No changes to application • No special hardware support

  4. Large Scale Computers 133,120 processors 608,256 DRAM • Large component count • Strongly coupled hardware Failure Rate

  5. Scientific Computing • Running for months • Demands high capability Failures expected during the application’s execution

  6. Providing Fault-tolerance • Hardware replication + High cost solution! • Checkpointing and rollback recovery Checkpointing Spare node Recovery

  7. Checkpointing and Recovery Saving process state • Simplicity • Easy implementation • Cost-effective • No additional hardware support • Critical aspect: Bandwidth requirements

  8. Reducing Bandwidth • Incremental checkpointing • Only the memory modified from the previous checkpoint is saved to stable storage Incremental Full Process state

  9. New Challenges More bandwidth pressure • Frequent checkpoints: • Minimizing rollback intervalto increase system availability • Automatic and user-transparent • Autonomic computing • New vision of to manage thehigh complexity of large systems • Self-healing and self-repairing

  10. Survey of Implementation Levels CLIP, Dome, CCITF Application Ickp, CoCheck,Diskless Run-time library Just a few !! Operating system Revive, Safetynet Hardware

  11. Enabling Automatic Checkpointing Checkpoint data User intervention Application Low High Run-time library Operating system automatic Hardware High Low

  12. The Bandwidth Challenge Does the current technology provide enough bandwidth? • Frequent • Automatic

  13. Methodology stack heap static data mmap text • Analyzing the Memory Footprint of Scientific Codes • Run-time library mprotec() Application’sMemory Footprint mprotec()

  14. Methodology • Quantifying the Bandwidth Requirements • Checkpoint intervals: 1s to 20s • Comparing with the current bandwidth available 900 MB/s Sustained network bandwidthQuadrics QsNet II 75 MB/s Single sustained disk bandwidthUltra SCSI controller

  15. Experimental Environment • 32-node Linux Cluster • 64 Itanium II processors • PCI-X I/O bus • Quadrics QsNet interconnection network • Parallel Scientific Codes • Sage • Sweep3D • NAS parallel benchmarks: SP, LU, BT and FT Representative of the ASCI production codes at LANL

  16. Memory Footprint Increasing memory footprint

  17. Talk overview • Goal • Fault-tolerance for scientific computing • Methodology • Characterization of scientific applications • Performance evaluation of Incremental Checkpointing • Bandwidth • Scalability

  18. Characterization Data initialization Regular processing bursts Sage-1000MB

  19. Communication Interleaved Regular communicationbursts Sage-1000MB

  20. Fraction of the Memory Footprint Overwritten during the Main Iteration Full memory footprint Below the full memory footprint

  21. Bandwidth Requirements 78.8MB/s 12.1MB/s Bandwidth (MB/s) Timeslices (s) Decreases with the timeslices Sage-1000MB

  22. Bandwidth Requirementsfor 1 second Most demanding Increases with memory footprint Single SCSI disk performance

  23. Increasing Memory Footprint Size Increases sublinearly AverageBandwidth (MB/s) Timeslices (s)

  24. Increasing Processor Count Decreases slightly with processor count AverageBandwidth (MB/s) Weak-scaling Timeslices (s)

  25. Technological Trends Increases at a faster pace Performance of applications bounded by memory improvements Performance Improvement per year

  26. Conclusions • No technological limitations of commodity components for clusters to implement automatic, frequent, and user-transparent incremental checkpointing • Current hardware technology can sustain the bandwidth requirements • These results can be generalized to future large scale computers

  27. Conclusions • The process bandwidth decreases slightly with processor count • Increases sublinearly with the memory footprint size • Improvements in networking and storage will make incremental checkpointing even more effective in the future

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