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AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT

AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT. OBJECTIVES. At the end of the session you will be able to: Understand the importance of pastures in ruminant production Identify the common sown pasture grasses and legumes in Malaysia Identify common native grass species

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AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT

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  1. AGR 4501PASTURE MANAGEMENT AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  2. OBJECTIVES At the end of the session you will be able to: • Understand the importance of pastures in ruminant production • Identify the common sown pasture grasses and legumes in Malaysia • Identify common native grass species • Establish and manage pastures for long term production AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  3. STATUS OF RUMINANT IN LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY OF MALAYSIA • Most backward compared to poultry and pigs • Low self sufficiency levels 25% for beef, 9% for mutton, 5% for dairy • Dominated by small farmers • Lack of feed resources AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  4. PROSPECTS FOR RUMINANT INDUSTRY • High income – higher consumption of animal products (beef: 1990 – 3.5 kg; 2000 – 5.3 kg) • Vast areas of plantations (6 m ha) that can be integrated with ruminant production • Strong government support to reduce food importation AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  5. Livestock statistics • livestock statistics AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  6. Self sufficiency AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  7. PASTURE DEVELOPMENT IN MALAYSIA • Prior 1970’s animals grazed on native grasses except for Napier and Guinea • 1972 – MARDI started work in introducing new pasture grasses and legumes • 1972-73 – large farms established by MAJUTERNAK on model of temperate farms • 1985 open pastures found to be high cost and low returns • 1985-2000 – campaign to encourage plantation-livestock integration AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  8. TYPES OF GRASSLANDS • Natural grasslands (24% of world’s vegetation) • Induced grasslands (result of man’s disturbance) • Sown grasslands • Grasslands associated with plantations AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  9. Natural grasslands AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  10. Steppes Prairies Veld Savanna Pampas AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  11. AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  12. Australian Savanna Grassland AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  13. Australian Savanna Grassland AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  14. Herding Hereford cattle in Australian extensive farm AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  15. New Zealand Alpine Grasslands AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  16. MONGOLIAN- Manchurian Grasslands - Steppes AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  17. AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  18. Sown grasslands AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  19. New Zealand Dairy Pasture AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  20. New Zealand dairy calves AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  21. New Zealand Farm boy AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  22. Traditional low-input systems AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  23. Malaysian goats scavenging garbage AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  24. Free grazing AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  25. Malaysian KK cattle – roadside grazers AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  26. Malaysian KK cattle on induced pastures AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  27. Supplementing Induced pastures with fodder grasses AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  28. Improved pastures in Malaysia AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  29. Majuternak Dairy Farm, Padang Hijau, Kluang, 1978 AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  30. Majuternak Dairy Farm, Padang Hijau, Kluang, 1978 AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  31. Darabif Cattle Farm, Pahang Tenggara, 1978 AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  32. Darabif Farm pasture, on jungle fringes forest Forest regeneration AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  33. AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  34. AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  35. AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  36. ALFALFA (LUCERNE) AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  37. ALFALFA AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  38. Integration of livestock with crops AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  39. Immature rubber with grass and legume undergrowth grass legumes AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  40. Sheep grazing under mature rubber Ferns largely uneaten AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  41. Sown MARDI Digit grass beside oil palm estate (Guthrie) AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  42. Sheep integrated with oil-palm plantation AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  43. Cattle under coconut plantation - Philippines AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  44. Cattle under coconuts - Philippines AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  45. Young rubber with leguminous cover crops AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  46. Mature canopy shades out light for grasses AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  47. Sown grasses (Brachiaria humidicola) in interrows of traditionally planted rubber AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  48. Double hedge-row planting system of rubber delays shading of pasture AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  49. Using crop by products AGR 4501 Pasture Management

  50. Cattle grazing on rice stubble and stover after harvest - Thailand AGR 4501 Pasture Management

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