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Sedimentary Rocks Vermilion Cliffs National Monument, Arizona

Sedimentary Rocks Vermilion Cliffs National Monument, Arizona. Rock Cycle. Sediments. Sedimentary Rocks. Sedimentary Rocks. Weathering rocks break apart Sediments Mechanical/Physical smaller pieces

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Sedimentary Rocks Vermilion Cliffs National Monument, Arizona

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  1. Sedimentary RocksVermilionCliffs National Monument, Arizona

  2. Rock Cycle Sediments

  3. Sedimentary Rocks

  4. Sedimentary Rocks • Weathering rocks break apart Sediments • Mechanical/Physical smaller pieces • Chemical dissolved/chemically changed Ex. rust • Erosion transport Deposition • water and wind sorted • Glaciers and gravity unsorted

  5. Deposition by wwgg • Animation water, wind, glacier, gravity • Most erosion is done by water. • Water no ….. Show Gradual deposition !!!

  6. Sedimentary Rocks • Sediments loose rock/mineral fragments • Lithification change into rock • Compaction reduce space between grains • Cementation grains are cemented together

  7. Sedimentary Rocks Cementation • 1. Dissolved minerals precipitate between sediment grains • Ex. Silica or Calcite * If same composition as the grains then grains get bigger and grow into each other and interlock.

  8. Classification of Sedimentary Rocks • Classification is based on • How they are formed • And • What they are made of.

  9. Classification of Sedimentary Rocks • 1. Clastic ~ fragments ( Mechanical Weathering ) • Texture (grain size) Rock • Clay Shale • Silt Siltstone • Sand Sandstone • Gravel Conglomerate

  10. Classification of Sedimentary Rocks • 2. Chemical ~ Evaporites precipitated minerals • Ex. Limestone • Ca CO 3 Calcite • Ex. Rock salt Na Cl Halite

  11. Salt Domes

  12. Classification of Sedimentary Rocks • 3. Organic remains of living things • Ex. Limestone fossils shells • Ex. Coal

  13. Review • How are sedimentary rocks classified? • How they are formed. • What they are made of. • How are Clastic rocks classified? • Mechanical weathering ~ Texture • How are chemical rocks classified? • Mineral precipitation ~ Composition • How are Organic rocks described? • Remains of living things~Composition

  14. Review • Which rock/mineral can form both as a chemical and organic sedimentary rock? • Limestone Calcite CaCO3 • Chemical • Organic

  15. Review • Identify and classify the following sedimentary rocks.

  16. Sedimentary Lab Identification • Due now • 02, 04, & 07 12/4 • 08 12/5

  17. Metamorphic Rocks

  18. Metamorphic Rocks

  19. Metamorphic Rocks • Heat weakens bonds between atoms in crystal • Pressure bend/deform bonds • Result ~ Deformation of crystal shape • Meta = change • Morph = form/shape • Metamorphic = changed form/shape

  20. Types Metamorphism • 1. Regional • large area folded mountains • mountain building • 2. Contact • small area • volcanic activity • 3. Hydrothermal • Hot water • volcanic activity

  21. As heat softens the crystal grainspressure flattens the grains.Grains are aligned in the direction of least pressure.

  22. ClassificationMetamorphic Rocks • Texture ~ arrangement of mineral crystals • appearance of fake layers • Foliation = fake layers • depending on composition/color

  23. ClassificationMetamorphic Rocks • 1. Foliated Texture • Original rock has different color minerals. • Granite Gneiss • T & P • Shale Slate

  24. ClassificationMetamorphic Rocks • 2. Non-foliated • Original rock has minerals of same color. • Limestone • Marble

  25. Review • Compare and contrast Regional and Contact metamorphism. • Regional ~ large area • Contact ~ small area • How are metamorphic rocks classified? • Texture ~ Foliation ~ Fake layers • Explain how foliation occurs. • Crystal are flattened/near each other • Create fake layers

  26. Review • Compare and contrast foliated and non-foliated textures. • Crystal are flattened. • Foliated ~ different color minerals • Non-foliated ~ similar color minerals

  27. Review • Examine the following rocks. • Which rock would become foliated or non-foliated.

  28. All Rocks Lab

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