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Fatigue at sea : from old to new Horizons

Fatigue at sea : from old to new Horizons. Wessel van Leeuwen , Stockholm University, Sweden Zhiwei Zhao, Dalian Maritime University , China Jørgen Riis Jepsen , University of Southern Denmark . 90 healthy experienced bridge and engineer watch keepers

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Fatigue at sea : from old to new Horizons

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  1. Fatigue at sea:from old to new Horizons Wessel van Leeuwen, Stockholm University, Sweden Zhiwei Zhao, Dalian Maritime University, China Jørgen Riis Jepsen, University of Southern Denmark wessel.vleeuwen@stressforskning.su.se, Stress Research Institute

  2. 90 healthy experienced bridge and engineer watch keepers • Employed through a manning agency • 1 day of introduction and training • 1 week voyage (North Sea & English Channel) • Either 4/8 or 6/6 • On site for full 7 days in accommodation • Caffeine is regulated and no alcohol The HORIZON project

  3. Karolinska SleepinessScale 1extremely alert 2very alert3 alert 4rather alert 5neither alert nor sleepy 6somesigns of sleepiness7sleepy, no effort to stayawake8sleepysomeeffort to stayawake 9verysleepy, great effort to stayawake, fighting sleep • Sleepiness ratings • Stress ratings • Wake, work, sleep diaries • Electroencephalography • (EEG) • Reaction time (PVT task) • Navigational performance • Debriefing interviews Measures included:

  4. Key questions • How sleepy were participants whilst on watch? • Did participants fall asleep on watch? • How much sleep did participants get off watch? • Was there performance affected?

  5. Sleepiness higher in 6/6

  6. Sleep on watch more frequent in 6/6

  7. 4/8 6/6 Overtime work increases sleepiness

  8. Sleep off watch

  9. Conclusions • More sleep on watch, less sleep off watch in 6/6 compared to 4/8 • Most severe sleepiness reached at the end of night watches • Unexpectedly high amounts of participants falling asleep on watch • But no effects on navigational performance

  10. Naturalistic performance unaffected, but….

  11. An illustration of sleep on watch Clocktime

  12. An illustration of sleep on watch 20:29

  13. Martha fatiguepredictingtool – based on the results of projectHorizon wessel.vleeuwen@stressforskning.su.se, Stress Research Institute

  14. Regulation of alertness

  15. Regulation of alertness Historicaldevelopment • 1995: three process model of alertnessregulation (TPMA) published in the literature • 2004: sleepwakepredictor (SWP): the first implementationpublicallyavailable • 2011: MARTHA: SWP adjusted for seafaringbased on HORIZON results

  16. MARTHA: The New Horizon A Research Project sponsored by the TK Foundation wessel.vleeuwen@stressforskning.su.se, Stress Research Institute

  17. Project aims • Enhance FRM by investigatinglong term aspects of fatigue (websurveys, diaries, actiwatches) • Investigateculturaldifferencesin interpretation of regulatory frameworks on hours of work and rest (interviews with managers) • Evaluateeffectiveness of FRM in the context of shipping operations (experimental shipboard)

  18. The main partners

  19. The main partners The main partners Kick offmeeting on 2nd July 2013

  20. Time schedule MARTHA • Research design • Sep 2013 – Dec 2013 • Interview and diary studies • Jan 2014 – Jun 2014 • Analysesinterview and diary studies • Jul 2014 – Dec 2014 • Shipboard studies • Jan 2015 – Dec 2015 • Analysesshipboard studies • Apr 2015 – Dec 2015

  21. Project aim 1: enhance FRM • Why? • Not muchknownaboutlong term fatigue, especially not in the context at sea • Optimize FRM for seafarer-context – to be used for aim 3 (where FRM effectivenesswill be evaluated) • How? • websurveys • diaries • Actiwatches • When? • first half of 2014

  22. Project aim 2: Investigateculturaldifferences • Why? • Howdoorganisationalpracticesaffectseafarerfatigue? • Differencesbetween Europe and China? • How? • Interview with managers and seafarers • Compare Europe with China  legislation interpreted differently?  different FRMS strategies might be needed • When? • first half of 2014

  23. Culturaldifferencescan be disastrous Obeying TCAS or ATC?

  24. Project aim 3: Investigateeffectiveness of FRMS • Why? • Is it effective to trainseafarers on sleep and fatigue and the use of the MARTHA software? • How? • Compare a FRM group with a control group  is the FRM group indeed coping better with fatigue? • Again using Chinese and European groups • When? • Jan-Dec 2015

  25. More information wessel.vleeuwen@stressforskning.su.se

  26. Thankyou foryourattention

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