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The Graduate Course in Electromagnetics: Integrating the Past, Present, and Future

The Graduate Course in Electromagnetics: Integrating the Past, Present, and Future. David A. Rogers & Benjamin D. Braaten Electrical and Computer Engineering North Dakota State University Fargo, ND. First Graduate Course in Electromagnetics.

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The Graduate Course in Electromagnetics: Integrating the Past, Present, and Future

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  1. The Graduate Course in Electromagnetics: Integrating the Past, Present, and Future David A. Rogers & Benjamin D. Braaten Electrical and Computer Engineering North Dakota State University Fargo, ND

  2. First Graduate Course in Electromagnetics • 30-50 years ago – textbooks by Plonsey and Collin and Collin • Emphasized: • Maxwell’s Equations • Analytical Solutions: open- and closed structures • Followed undergrad cousin with increased rigor • Theoretical emphasis increased following Sputnik • Thorough vector calculus descriptions

  3. Typical outline 50 years ago • Gauss’s flux and divergence theorems • Poisson’s equation • Three common coordinate systems • Curvilinear coordinates • Green’s identities • Dirichlet and Neumann conditions • Uniqueness Theorem • In essence, quite theoretical/mathematical

  4. Early Textbook Details • Plonsey, R. and Collin, R. E. (1961). Principles and Applications of Electromagnetic Fields. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. • Collin, R. E. (2001). Foundations for Microwave Engineering. New York, NY: IEEE Press.

  5. Grad Course in Electromagnetics20-30 years ago. • Textbooks by Pozar, Balanis, Ishimaru • Advanced electromagnetics • Boundary value problems • Reflection and transmission • Microwave device design and analysis • Microstrip design techniques • Microwave filters • Microwave networks

  6. 20-30 years ago (continued) • Waveguides using vector potential methods • Magneto-ionic media • Propagation in the neutral atmosphere • Cavities • Intermediate mathematics of electromagnetics

  7. Classical Textbook Details • Balanis, C. A. (2012). Advanced Engineering Electromagnetics. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. • Ishimaru, A. (1991). Electromagnetic Wave Propagation, Radiation, and Scattering. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. • Pozar, D. M. (2005). Microwave Engineering. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

  8. A Contemporary Course • Maxwell’s equations review • Plane waves, lossy media, reflection and transmission • Transmission-line theory, losses, matching stubs • Microstrip design • Microstrip devices: couplers, splitters, matching devices • Metallic waveguides • General solutions for guided-wave structures • Human effects of electromagnetic waves/ethics

  9. A Contemporary Course (Continued) • Microwave network theory • Antennas, gain, noise, and systems studies • Radio propagation and scattering • Magneto-ionic theory • Fiber optics • Matrix method in networks • Project presentations

  10. Contemporary Textbook Details • Pozar, D. M. (2012). Microwave Engineering. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. • 2012 edition is scheduled for release in November 2011.

  11. What will our students need? • Course should serve grad students specializing in electromagnetics. • Should attract non-specialists. • Serve those working with high-speed or very small devices—material science, nanoscale science/engineering, certain areas of applied physics, and specialists in optics.

  12. What do the students bring to the course? • An undergraduate electromagnetics course. • Phasor analysis of AC circuits. • Transmission line theory. • Plane wave background. • The usual physics and math common to undergrad engineering and physics students.

  13. Computer and laboratory work • Early in the semester students begin a project, groups of two or three students. • Design a microwave device. • Layout and simulate on the computer. • Forward to ProtoMat S62 milling machine. (www.lpkf.com ) • Measure using Agilent E5071C (4.5 GHz) network analyzer. • Compare to Advanced Design System (ADS) and Matlab simulations. • Present oral and written reports.

  14. Have we had an impact on the students? • Gets students involved in: • Literature searches • Reproducing published results • New designs, new frequencies • ADS layouts and simulations • Testing • In the course: • Reduce routine homework in favor of the above. • Require student bi-weekly written progress reports and oral presentations. • Final report to be ready for submission to a conference.

  15. Student Project Procedure: Example: 90o Hybrid Coupler • Design device based on Pozar or other literature/research. • Lay out and simulate device using ADS. • Send gerber file to ProtoMat S62 PCB milling machine. • Add connectors and loads to the device. • Determine the performance (scattering parameters) using an Agilent E5071C spectrum analyzer.

  16. ADS Layout for 90o Hybrid Coupler

  17. ProtoMat S62 PCB milling machine

  18. http://sites.google.com/site/ndsuece/Home

  19. Waiting for the Grad Assistant

  20. 90o Hybrid Coupler

  21. Network Analyzer

  22. Network Analyzer close-up

  23. Test Results: 90o Hybrid Coupler Design fo = 3Ghz

  24. More Student Project Results • Power dividers • “Rat race” coupler • Quasi-Yagi antenna • Quasi-Landstorfer antenna • Bow-tie slot antenna

  25. Student Projects: Power Dividers

  26. Student Project: “Rat Race” Coupler

  27. Student Project: Metamaterial-based Quasi-Yagi Antenna

  28. Student Project: A Quasi-Landstorfer Antenna

  29. Student Project: Bow-tie Slot Antenna

  30. Published/Accepted Results J. Anderson, K. Johnson, C. Satterlee, A. Lynch and B. D. Braaten, "A Reduced Frequency Printed Quasi-Yagi Antenna Symmetrically Loaded with Meander Open Complementary Split Ring Resonator (MOCSRR) Elements," Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, Spokane, WA, July 2011. M. A. Aziz, S. Roy and B. D. Braaten, "A New Printed Quasi-Lanstorfer Antenna," Accepted for publication in the IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. L. A. Berge, M. Reich and B. D. Braaten, “A Compact Dual-Band Pseudo-Vivaldi Bowtie Slot Antenna for 900 and 2400 MHz ISM Bands,” Submitted for review in the IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters – Accepted and under revision.

  31. What are our plans for the department? • Recruit talented students to participate and be student leaders. • Integrate active research projects into teaching (Dr. Braaten). • Active interests: flexible antennas, printed antennas, microwave devices. • Leverage course activities to increase research in department.

  32. Conclusions • The course has been an excellent research initiation experience for our students. • It has drawn students and faculty together in ways that a straight lecture course couldn’t. • It has been the first step towards several M.S. degrees and a few Ph.D. degrees.

  33. Acknowledgement • Dr. Robert M. Nelson of UW-Stout made major contributions to the Emag program at NDSU, 1989-2008. He continues to be an inspiration for our work.

  34. Questions? Thank you for listening!

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