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The neural bases of intelligence : A perspective based on functional neuroimaging

Explore how brain imaging technology like fMRI enhances our understanding of human intelligence, with a focus on processing capacity, malleability of networks, functional connectivity, and anatomical connectivity.

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The neural bases of intelligence : A perspective based on functional neuroimaging

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  1. The neural bases of intelligence: A perspective based on functional neuroimaging Newman & JustCenter for Cognitive Brain ImagingCMU, Dept of Psychology 김 민 경 2008. 9. 18

  2. Brain Imaging Technology (primarily fMRI)를 통해 Human Intelligence를 포괄적으로 이해하고자 함 Brain Imaging Technology (1) Measure brain activity in individuals during the performance of tasks (2) A new and more comprehensive view of intelligence (3) Insight into the basis of individual differences Objectives

  3. A general Definition “Goal-directedAdaptive Behavior” (Sternberg and Salter, 1982) g (general intelligence factor), or fluid intelligence An individual’s general problem solving skill (Spearman, 1927) One of the factors that determine g is ‘mental energy’ Then, what is ‘Intelligence’?

  4. Biological Properties Head Circumference; The larger the brain, the more intelligent the individual Speed of Processing Relationship between reaction time and intelligence ERP (Electrophysiological Recordings) Electrical activity of the brain and cognitive information processing ex) Distinguishable electrical signatures during a reading comprehension task What does correspond to ‘Mental Energy’?  Indirect and not Comprehensive to account for g, or fluid intelligence

  5. Intelligence is born out of networks of cortical areas The Investigation of the behavior of these large-scale corticalnetworks may lead to an explanation of individual differences in ability Properties of the large-scale neural networks ≈ Mental Energy ≈ A major source of individual difference The Neural bases of Intelligence

  6. 1. Processing Capacity 2. Malleability of processing networks 3.Functional Connectivity 4.Anatomical Connectivity Source of individual differences in intelligence

  7. Thinking is biological work requiring resources  Constrained by resource availability Efficiency : less active (resource consumption) in higher-performing individuals : higher ability individuals showed less fMRI-measured activation Amount(cortical resources)  (computational load of a task) : Ability level과 무관 : ex) Linguistic complexity of a sentence↑, Broca’s area & Wernicke’s area ↑ 1) Processing Capacity (1/2)  Individual may differ in resource availability and/or their efficiency

  8. 1) Processing Capacity (2/2)

  9. The topology of neurocognitive network associated with a given task changes dynamically, adapting itself to the demands of a given task. The ability to dynamically recruit additional resources  a source of individual difference 2) Malleability of processing networks (1/2)

  10. 2) Malleability of processing networks (2/2)

  11. Communication or Collaboration between various brain areas 3) Functional Connectivity  The degree of synchronization or efficiency of communication between regions may contribute to individual differences in task performance

  12. The quality of the white matter tracts connecting cortical areas may affect processing speed.  The degree or quality of the anatomical connections may contribute to individual differences 4) Anatomical Connectivity

  13. Intelligence does not lie in any particular brain region Intelligence arise from a dynamically configured set of brain areas that collaborate adaptively to meet a cognitive challenge Fluid intelligence may represent the neural system’s ability to adapt to dynamic changes in a complex cognitive process Conclusion

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