Question 3 (3.1, 3.2) Explanation

1. Question 1 and 4 (3.2)3.2 – Describe how the strength of the force or the distance between objects affects the amount of energy transferred. 1. You are conducting an experiment in which you hold a steel weight above a nail, and repeatedly drop it on top of the nail while counting how many drops it takes to drive the nail into the block. You drop your weight from 10cm above the nail and find that it requires 30 drops before the nail is completely driven into the block. • Another lab station chooses to drop their weight from 5cm above the nail. Predict the results from that lab station. In your explanation, compare the amount of energy transferred between the weight and the nail in lab station #1 vs. lab station #2. (3.2)

2. 4. Which factors would have the greatest impact on an object’s potential gravitational energy? (3.2) • The object’s velocity and luster. • The object’s height and mass • The object’s color and odor. • The object’s velocity and mass.

3. Question 1 and 4 (3.2) Explanation3.2 – Describe how the strength of the force or the distance between objects affects the amount of energy transferred. • The 2 factors that make the greatest impact on an objects potential gravitational energy are height and mass of the object. • In Drive a Nail –Mass lab, • the long steel had the greatest mass and took the least amount of drops to push the nail into the foam block. This occurred because it had the most potential gravitational energy. • the short aluminum weight had the least mass and took the most drops to push the nail into the foam block because it had the least potential gravitational energy. • In Drive a Nail – Height lab, • The weight dropped from the longest clear tube (greatest height) had the greatest potential gravitational energy and took the least drops to push the nail into the foam block. • The weight dropped from the short clear tube (least height) had the least potential gravitational energy and took the most drops to push the nail into the foam block.

4. Question 2 (2.5, 2.6)2.5 – Define dissipated energy.2.6 – Explain how the amount of dissipated energy affects the total amount of energy available in the system. 2. Would you expect the amount of motion kinetic energy transferred to the nail to be exactly the same as the amount of potential energy of the weight before it was dropped? (2.5, 2.6) A. Yes – The Law of Conservation of Energy will ensure that all of the Kinetic Energy of the weight will transfer to the Kinetic Energy of the nail, without transforming into any other type of energy. B. Yes – There will be dissipated energy that will ensure that the energy transferred from the nail to the weight will be equal C. No – the Law of Conservation of Energy will not apply in this situation D. No – there will be dissipated energy in the form of sound and heat that will reduce the amount of motion kinetic energy transferred from the weight to the nail, but the total amount of energy will remain the same.

5. Question 2 (2.5, 2.6) Explanation2.5 – Define dissipated energy.2.6 – Explain how the amount of dissipated energy affects the total amount of energy available in the system. Dissipated Energy is a physical process by which energy is transferred to the surroundings and is almost impossible to  recapture.

6. In Drive a Nail, some of the potential gravitational energy is dissipated into the air as thermal energy from friction and sound energy when the weight hits the nail. That energy is part of the total amount of energy in the system. Only part of the original energy is transferred to the nail. • Total Energy = PE + KE + thermal energy + sound energy Example of Dissipated Energy • http://www.eschooltoday.com/energy/kinds-of-energy/energy-dissipation-example.html

7. Question 3 (3.1, 3.3)3.1 – Describe how mechanical energy is transferred.3.3 – Identify what causes energy transfer (work) to stop.. 3. The above is a diagram of a “Newton’s Cradle.” When one of the spheres at the end is raised and released, it transfers energy to the adjacent spheres, causing the sphere on the opposite end to swing upwards. This process then repeats in the opposite direction, but you notice that in each cycle the spheres swing less and less until they stop entirely. Which of the following is the BEST explanation for why the spheres stopped moving? (3.1, 3.3) • Energy is dissipated in the form of sound and heat until the spheres are no longer exerting forces on each other. • Energy is destroyed as sound and heat are created. • Energy is reduced in each cycle due to the gravitational attraction between each sphere. • Although the spheres are still exerting force on each other, the force is being countered by magnetic attraction.

8. Raised and Released Question 3 (3.1, 3.2) Explanation Swings Upwards Energy Transfer Mechanical energy is the sum of energy in a mechanical system, or any group of objects that interact based on basic mechanical principles. ME = PE + KE Newton's Cradle would eventually stop because the original Potential Energy when you raised the steel ball transferred kinetic motion energy to the stationary steel balls causing them to swing upward. In addition to the transfer of PE and KE, there is dissipated energy in the form of drag, friction (thermal energy), and sound. As the dissipated energy is released in the air, it allows less energy to transfer to the steel balls. Eventually, the amount of energy will decrease and the balls will stop.

9. Question 5 (2.4)2.4 – Explain how energy is transformed within or transferred between systems but is never lost. 5. The Law of Conservation of Energy states that: (2.4) • Energy moves freely across the planet but dissipates as it enters space • Energy is lost each time it changes forms • Energy is never created or destroyed, it only changes forms • Energy is never created or destroyed, and can never change form

10. Question 5 (2.4) Explanation The law of conservation of energy is a law of science that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but only changed from one form into another or transferred from one object to another. Examples: • When playing pool, the cue ball is shot at a stationary 8 ball. The cue ball has energy. When the cue ball hits the 8 ball, the energy transfers from the cue ball to the 8 ball, sending the 8 ball into motion. The cue ball loses energy because the energy it had has been transferred to the 8 ball, so the cue ball slows down. • Kelly ran across the room and bumped into her brother, pushing him to the floor. The kinetic energy she possessed because of her movement was transferred to her brother, causing him to move.

11. https://gcps.desire2learn.com/d2l/lor/viewer/viewFile.d2lfile/6605/7838/Conservation_of_Energy_print.htmlhttps://gcps.desire2learn.com/d2l/lor/viewer/viewFile.d2lfile/6605/7838/Conservation_of_Energy_print.html