Chapter Preview 4.1 Introduction to Atoms 4.2 Organizing the Elements 4.3 Metals

1. Table of Contents Chapter Preview 4.1 Introduction to Atoms 4.2 Organizing the Elements 4.3 Metals 4.4 Nonmetals, Inert Gases, and Semimetals 4.5 Radioactive Elements Chapter Preview 4.1 Introduction to Atoms 4.2 Organizing the Elements 4.3 Metals 4.4 Nonmetals, Inert Gases, and Semimetals 4.5 Radioactive Elements

2. Section 3:Metals • What are the physical properties of metals?

3. Section 3:Metals • What are the physical properties of metals? The physical properties of metals include luster, malleability, ductility, and conductivity.

4. Metals are: • Good conductors of electric current (electrical conductivity) • Good conductors of heat (thermal conductivity) • Shiny (luster) • Reactive – easily reacts with other substances • Corrosion – the gradual wearing away of a metal due to a chemical reation • Bendable • Malleable – hammered or rolled into flat sheets or other shapes • Ductile – can be pulled out, or drawn, into a long wire • The largest group in the periodic table

5. Section 3:Metals • How does the reactivity of metals change across the periodic table?

6. Section 3:Metals • How does the reactivity of metals change across the periodic table? The reactivity of metals tends to decrease as you move from left to right across the periodic table.

7. Metals in the Periodic Table • The metals in Group 1, from lithium to francium, are called the alkali metals. Alkali metals react with atoms of other elements by losing one electron.

8. Metals in the Periodic Table • Group 2 of the periodic table contains the alkaline earth metals. These elements are not as reactive as the metals in Group 1, but they are more reactive than most other metals.

9. Metals in the Periodic Table • The transition metals are less reactive than the metals in Groups 1 and 2.

10. Metals in the Periodic Table • Only some of the elements in Groups 13 through 15 of the periodic table are metals.

11. Metals in the Periodic Table • Lanthanides are usually found together in nature, always combined with other elements.

12. Metals in the Periodic Table • The elements below the lanthanides are called actinides. Many of these elements are so unstable that they last for only a fraction of a second after they are made.

13. Section 3: Metals • How are synthetic elements produced?

14. Section 3: Metals • How are synthetic elements produced? Scientists make synthetic elements by forcing nuclear particles to crash into one another.

15. End of Section:Metals

16. Section 4:Nonmetals, Inert Gases, and Semimetals • What are the properties of nonmetals and inert gases?

17. Section 4:Nonmetals, Inert Gases, and Semimetals • What are the properties of nonmetals and inert gases? Most nonmetals are poor conductors of electric current and heat. Solid nonmetals are dull and brittle.

18. Properties of Nonmetals • When nonmetals and metals react, electrons move from the metal atoms to the nonmetal atoms.

19. Nonmetal – is an element that lacks most of the properties of a metal • Diatomic molecule – a molecule that consists of two atoms (N2). • Halogen – Group 17 (contains fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine); “salt forming” • Inert gas – do not ordinarily form compounds • Semimetal – have some properties of metals but also have pr0perties that are typical of nonmetals. • Semiconductor – substances that can conduct electric current under some conditions but not under other conditions.

20. Families of Nonmetals • Each element in the carbon family has atoms that can gain, lose, or share four electrons when reacting with other elements.

21. Families of Nonmetals • Group 15, the nitrogen family, contains two nonmetals: nitrogen and phosphorus. These non-metals usually gain or share three electrons when reacting with other elements.

22. Families of Nonmetals • Group 16, the oxygen family, contains three nonmetals: oxygen, sulfur, and selenium. These elements usually gain or share two electrons when reacting with other elements.

23. Families of Nonmetals • The Group 17 elements, the halogens, are very reactive. Atoms of these elements easily form compounds by sharing or gaining one electron when reacting with atoms of other elements.

24. Families of Nonmetals • The elements in Group 18 are the inert gases. They do not ordinarily form compounds because atoms of inert gases do not usually gain, lose, or share electrons.

25. Families of Nonmetals • Because the chemical properties of hydrogen differ very much from those of the other elements, it really cannot be grouped into a family.

26. Semimetals How are semimetals useful? The most useful property of the semimetals is their varying ability to conduct electric current. Click Here for a Video on Metalloids

27. End of Section: Nonmetals, Inert Gases, and Semimetals

28. Citations • http://lifesciencereality.files.wordpress.com/2008/05/atom01_400x400.jpg • http://pdg.ge.infn.it/particleadventure/frameless/images/atom.gif • http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_mOsqmOB4z3s/Rm-gXR5-h9I/AAAAAAAAA10/4rxZzpdDy9k/s400/meyer-mendeleev3.jpg • http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Materials/Graphics/MixedMetals(mayFranInt.).jpe • http://amazingrust.com/Experiments/how_to/Images/Thermite(3-12-06).jpg • http://www.buzzle.com/img/articleImages/277144-29915-34.jpg • http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2184/1507225507_80c1ecb790.jpg?v=0 • http://universe-review.ca/I13-14-sulfur.jpg • http://z.about.com/d/chemistry/1/0/Z/Q/tellurium.jpg