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The Iberian lynx ( Lynx pardinus ) and the Favourable Conservation Status

The Iberian lynx ( Lynx pardinus ) and the Favourable Conservation Status. Luis Suarez Arangüena (WWF Spain) Thayatal National Park 1-3/10/03. DESCRIPTION (1). The Iberian Lynx is a small size cat with long legs, short tail, whiskers around its face and spotty coat.

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The Iberian lynx ( Lynx pardinus ) and the Favourable Conservation Status

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  1. The Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) and the Favourable Conservation Status Luis Suarez Arangüena (WWF Spain) Thayatal National Park 1-3/10/03

  2. DESCRIPTION (1) • The Iberian Lynx is a small size cat with long legs, short tail, whiskers around its face and spotty coat. • The Iberian lynx feeds basically on the wild rabbit (80% of the diet).

  3. DESCRIPTION (2) ·  The Iberian lynx lives in the Southwest area of the Iberian Peninsula in Mediterranean forest, especially in mosaic areas.

  4. 1100 individuals, in 48 separated breeding areas in Spain and Portugal (1988) No more than 600 individuals in Spain. Beyond 25 individuals in Portugal (1995) POPULATION SIZE Around 200 individuals and only two stable populations: Eastern Sierra Morena and Doñana (2002)

  5. THREATS 1. Decline in rabbit populations 2. High mortality due to human activities 3. Loss and habitat fragmentation 4. Fragmentation of populations

  6. The IL and the Favourable Conservation Status On the framework of a wide project titled SURIBERIA, the iberian lynx has been used as one of the indicators to establish the conservation status of the South West Iberian habitats. On this study developed jointly by WWF Spain/Adena and the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid the Conservation Status of this species has been considered.

  7. The Favourable Conservation Status • According to the Habitat Directive the Conservation Status will be taken as favourable when: • Populations dynamics data on the species concerned indicate that it is maintaining itself on a long term basis as a viable component of its natural habitats, and • The natural range of the species is neither being reduced nor is likely to be reduced for the foreseeable future, and • There is, and will probably continue to be, a sufficiently large habitat to maintain its population on a long term basis.

  8. The population size The Iberian lynx population has suffered a 72% decrease (from 1200 to 200 individuals in the last 12 years).  It’s necessary an annual population increase of the 10% to reach a viable population in 20 years.

  9. The Natural Range The Natural range has clearly been reduced over the last century. In 1900 was present in all the territory, in 1990 was present in only the 2% and in 2002 only in the 0.064%.

  10. Sufficient Large Habitat  At the same time a large habitat is available according to the Spanish Forestry Map and considering the habitat adequacy studies, most of it, it’s potentially adequate for the species. ** The habitat management is not included on this evaluation and either the rabbit density.

  11. Available Habitat There are no restrictions on the surface of potential hábitat for the lynx. The causes of the decleaning must be others.

  12. Sufficient large habitat (1) The Fragmentation of the habitat is a serious threat for the conservation of a sufficient large habitat to guarantee the maintainment of the lynx population on a long term basis.  Many planned infraestructures are affecting the Iberian Lynx habitat

  13. Proyectos de embalses y zonas propuestas por WWF/Adena para la conservación del Lince ibérico 28 30 29 31 27 26 23 25 21 24 22 20 19 16 17 1 12 10 4 18 15 14 11 3 2 13 9 5 6 8 7 • Embalse de Andévalo • Embalse de San Lúcar • Embalse de Pedro Arco • Embalse de Los Álamos • Embalse de Tariquejo • Embalse de Gerabato • Embalse de Valdejudios • Embalse de Arroyo de la Vega • Embalse de Corumjoso • Embalse de Tinto • Embalse de El Blanco • Embalse de La Coronada • Embalse de Alcolea • Embalse de Melonares • Embalse de La Breña II • Embalse de Arenoso • Embalse de Puente de Madera • Embalse de Guadalora • Embalse de Las Navas • Embalse de Castillo de Montizón I y II • Embalse de El Cañal • Mejora del abastecimiento a Puertollano y comarca. Recrecimiento del embalse de Montoro • Conducción desde Torre Abraham para abastecimiento a Ciudad Real y Puertollano • Embalse de Picón • Embalse de Alcobilla • Trasvase del Tiétar a Navalcán • Acondicionamiento y remodelación de la presa de El Borbollón • Embalse de la Irueña • Minicentral hidroeléctrica en El Pontón. Salamanca • Aprovechamiento hidroeléctrico sobre el río Sangusín, T.M. Salto de Pinedas (Salamanca). • Aprovechamiento hidroeléctrico sobre el río Francia, T.M. Miranda del Castañar (Salamanca). Kilómetros

  14. Proyectos de carreteras y zonas propuestas por WWF/Adena para la conservación del Lince ibérico • Leyenda • Autopista peaje Toledo-Ciudad Real-Autovía N-IV. • Autovía conexión autovías de Ciudad Real-Puertollano y Extremadura. Tramo Miajadas-Mérida. • Autovía Linares-Albacete. • Autovía de la Plata. • Nueva calzada Despeñaperros, Venta de Cárdenas-Santa Elena. • Mejora y modificación del trazado de las carreteras CR-501, de Mestanza a Mina Diógenes y CR-500 del límite con Jaén a Mina Diógenes • Nueva carretera de San Benito • Nueva carretera y mejora de trazado entre Luciana y Abenojar • Variante de trazado de la CN-432 de Granada a Badajoz, P.K. 247,1 al 260,0. Tramo: El Vacar-Córdoba • Acondicionamiento carretera CM-4202 entre P.K. 28,097 y P.K. 52,047 en Brazatortas. • Acondicionamiento CM-403 , tramo Ventas con Peña Aguilera - Puerto del Milagro y Molinillo. • Variante de Beas y Trigueros de la carretera N – 435 de Badajoz y Zafra a Huelva. • Carretera entre Almonte y Mazagón • Adecuación de camino agrícola entre Villamanrique de la Condesa y El Rocío 4 1 11 8 2 10 3 5 6 7 9 12 13 14

  15. The Fragmentation of the habitat is a serious threat for the conservation of a sufficient large habitat to guarantee the maintainment of the lynx population on a long term basis.  If we analyse the effect of roads, population nucleus or reservoirs we can see the effects of this threat in 2002 and the prevision for 2007. Sufficient large habitat (2)

  16. Potential dispersion. 2002 Including these threats we can appreciate very important limitations to the dispersion, specially in Doñana from the first generation and in Andújar from the second.

  17. Potential dispersion. 2007 The prevision for 2007 is apparently similar. But the connectivity between the two breeding areas is decreasing.

  18. The future evolution of the habitat • The size of the adequate habitat areas will increase in the next five years. • Small patches will disappear under the construction of different public works. • The connectivity between the two breeding areas will decrease and their isolation will increase.

  19. Final considerations (1) • The current Conservation Status of the Iberian lynx cannot be taken as favourable. • This situation won’t apparentely change in the next five years.

  20. Final considerations (2) • According to this approach we have some measurable targets to reach the FCS (for example to increase the lynx population 10% every year). • We are using the FCS for the practical analysis of the situation and as a very powerful conservation tool.

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