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Immanuel Kant

Immanuel Kant. 1724-1804. Early Life. Konigsberg, Prussia Baptized Emanuel Humble beginnings Pietist Household & Devout Education. Immanuel Kant. 1724-1804. Early Life. Konigsberg, Prussia Baptized Emanuel Humble beginnings Pietist Household & Devout Education. Scholarly Life.

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Immanuel Kant

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  1. Immanuel Kant 1724-1804

  2. Early Life • Konigsberg, Prussia • Baptized Emanuel • Humble beginnings • Pietist Household & Devout Education

  3. Immanuel Kant 1724-1804

  4. Early Life • Konigsberg, Prussia • Baptized Emanuel • Humble beginnings • Pietist Household & Devout Education

  5. Scholarly Life • Tutor, Lecturer, & Professor • Interested in Newtonian Principles • Published 30 works • Critique of Pure Reason • Critique of Practical Reason • Critique of Judgment • Socially Inept

  6. Terms • Deontology- The study of duty • Maxim- A principle or rule of conduct

  7. Kant & Ethics • His most influential subject • The motive, not outcome, is the sole creator or moral worth in an action • Categorical Imperative- “Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law”

  8. Reason & Freedom • We are not wholly subject to causal law • Reason cannot act without assumption of Freedom

  9. Human Situation • Animals, Humans, & Rational Beings • Actors, not Acted Upon • We cannot know which action is best • Ends-in-Themselves & Means-to-Ends

  10. Will • Outcome of our actions is beyond our control • Morality assessed by motivation • Good will cannot be used for evil • Goodness cannot arise from instinct • No outcome can be inherently good • Duty must drive our actions

  11. Duty • Hypothetical imperative • Categorical Imperative for moral action • “Act only according to that maxim by which you can the same time will that it should become a universal law.” • Universality test • Nature cannot contradict itself • Everyone thinks of themselves the way you do, therefore your maxim must be applicable for all people

  12. Kant in Debates • Deontology- The action’s morality is determined by its means • Teleology- The action’s morality is determined by its end

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