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園藝分享 , Home Gardening

園藝分享 , Home Gardening. 我們的過程 , 經驗 什麼時候種什麼菜 , 果樹 肥料 堆肥 home composting 菜蟲的問題 果樹病蟲害的防治 果樹何時接枝 果樹何時剪枝 East Bay garden club. Gardening. Books in the Library Internet Garden Clubs…. How did we start……In the beginning. Back Yard (original), no fruit tree, no veg garden.

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園藝分享 , Home Gardening

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  1. 園藝分享, Home Gardening • 我們的過程, 經驗 • 什麼時候種什麼菜, 果樹 • 肥料 • 堆肥 home composting • 菜蟲的問題 • 果樹病蟲害的防治 • 果樹何時接枝 • 果樹何時剪枝 • East Bay garden club Yola and Ming, 2014 Garden talk

  2. Gardening • Books in the Library • Internet • Garden Clubs….. Yola and Ming, 2014 Garden talk

  3. How did we start……In the beginning Back Yard (original), no fruit tree, no veg garden Yola and Ming, 2014 Garden talk

  4. Yola and Ming, 2014 Garden talk

  5. Yola and Ming, 2014 Garden talk

  6. Reengineer 改造 • 除掉不要,不好的樹, 改種果樹 • 開花結果, 好看又有得吃 • 草坪除掉,搬移及重舖小石頭, 加各式各樣園蒲, • 沒草坪, 省水, 不必割草, 也不難看 • 小石頭加踏石塊, 可隨意搬動, 變樣 • 種各式各樣菜, 花; 有新鮮疏菜吃 • 落葉, 樹枝, 放 在樹下 • 雜草不生, 又是肥料 (dry compost) Yola and Ming, 2014 Garden talk

  7. Yola and Ming, 2014 Garden talk

  8. Statistics • 26果樹 7 grape, 4 orange, 3 kumquat, 3 cherry, 3 pear, apricot, apple, nectarine, jujube, pomegranate, plum, grapefruit, goji berry bushes (早知道該種別的品種, 學用接枝來改造) • Vegetables • 15 Trees 3 redwood 紅木, 2 spruce pines 松 , 3 cypress 柏, 大樹, 3 Wax Leaf Ligustrumplants, holly bamboo,.. • Flowers … Yola and Ming, 2014 Garden talk

  9. 什麼時候種什麼 • 果樹 : 裸根樹苗 (bare root trees), 1~3 月 • 盆栽樹苗 (container trees), 任何時間, 最好在春天. • 大小, 地方, 品種…. • 菜 (買的菜籽説明書, 菜苗) • 三, 四月: 芥蘭, 青岡菜, 油菜, 香菜, 雪裡紅, 芝麻菜 (Arugula),茴香 • 四,五八, 九月:小芥菜, 青椒 (bell peppers ), 秋葵 (okra), 四季豆, 菜豆, 黃瓜(Cucumber), 意大利瓜(Zucchini), 蕃薯葉, 甜菜(beets) ,蕃茄, 莧菜; • 冬瓜 , 金瓜 (Kabocha),菜瓜(Loofah), 葫瓜, sweet basil, 紫蘇, kale, • 八, 九, 十月（過冬）: 豌豆, 芥蘭, 青岡菜; 油菜, 香菜, 大蒜(leeks), white and red Swiss chards,芹菜, 蠶豆(Fava Bean), 茴香, lettuce • 冬季 雨水到, 韮菜復生 • 四季: 生菜(lettuce),綠蔥. Yola and Ming, 2014 Garden talk

  10. 1.5’　直徑 種菜地方不需大 1.5’ x 3 ‘ Yola and Ming, 2014 Garden talk

  11. 陽光,　空氣,　水, 土壤 土壤裏必須有水和各種無機化學離子:NH4+, NO3-, HPO42- , PO43- , SO42- , Mg2+ , K+, Ca2+ …等植物才能成長,這些離子經透析由水分佈到枝葉果實.植物只認得水和離子含量的多少, 認不出來源是有機肥料或化學合成肥料. 因此, 有機肥料和化學合成肥料在土壤裏都必須轉化成這些無機化學離子, 才能成為植物的營養素. Yola and Ming, 2014 Garden talk

  12. 肥料 • 氮(N, Nitrogen): • 葉肥; 負責光合作用的葉綠素主要成份 . • 足夠則葉光澤嫩綠, 不足則黃綠不長, 容易開花. • 磷(P, Phosphorous): • 增長開花結果; • 足夠則花美, 水果豐盛,種子飽滿; 不足則成長不良, 葉莖呈現紫色. • 鉀(K, Potassium): • 根莖肥, 促進植物抗病及適應天氣變化, 以及從土壤 • 吸收營養素. • 微量營養素: 鈣(Ca, Calicium), 鎂(Mg, Magnesium), 硫(S, Sulfur), 硼(B, Boron), 鋅(Zn, Zinc), 錳(Mn, Manganese ), 鐵(Fe, Iron), 銅(Cu, Copper), 鉬(Mo, Molybdenum ), 氯(Cl, Chlorine). Yola and Ming, 2014 Garden talk

  13. 包裝肥料都標有三個數字 • 依次是氮(N), 磷(P), 鉀(K)的含量. • 常用氮肥 (lawn fertilizer):32-0-4 含32%氮,0%磷,4%鉀; 有些含10%亞甲基尿素(Methyleneurea,slow release),7%硫, 2%鐵 • 一般肥料16-16-16: 含16%氮16%磷16%鉀;有些還含1%鈣, 其中氮是3.66%聚合物包膜尿素(control release). • 肥料標有同樣的三個數字不一定有同樣的成份, 必須仔細讀肥料的標籤. Yola and Ming, 2014 Garden talk

  14. 青葉菜 主要用氮肥和微量磷肥, 鉀肥 • 果樹 :用一般肥料 (16-16-16)或特別的花果肥 • 開花結果: 蕃茄,青椒,… • 開始用氮肥促進成長, 開花時用一般肥料, • 結果時如有底部萎爛的現象, 因為缺少鈣和鎂 . 加少量石膏粉 (Gypsum, CaSO4 .2H2O)或瀉鹽(硫酸鎂, Mg SO4 ). Yola and Ming, 2014 Garden talk

  15. 堆肥 Earthworm composting 改良土壤 • water, damp not flood • food • air • dark Yola and Ming, 2014 Garden talk

  16. Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL) • BSFL found in compose • Benefits (non-pest): • BSF prevent houseflies from laying eggs • BSFL convert wastes to nutrients • BSF (5-8 days life) stay away from humans, don't eat and no sting or venom, so really have no way of harming humans • Not housefly (> 30 day life) Yola and Ming, 2014 Garden talk

  17. 菜蟲的問題 無殼蝸牛(Slug), 綠蝴蝶幼蟲, 蠼螋(Earwig), 瓜蟲(Squash bug), Aphids 龜蟲(Harlequin Bug), • 觀察和捕捉是我們保護蔬菜的方法. • 帶 双 ,多層手套 • 抓蝴蝶幼蟲 Yola and Ming, 2014 Garden talk

  18. Slug, Earwig, life cycle • Active in dark night • 1  30, 50, 100 • 1% ammonia spray (dilute ammonia cleaning solution) • hide in cracks in damp areas. live under rocks and logs • Find the source, kill the eggs Yola and Ming, 2014 Garden talk

  19. 果樹病蟲害的防治 桃葉捲曲病(Peach Curl). 梨和蘋果的火燒病(Fire Blight). 梨和蘋果的蛀蟲(Moth Codling). Yola and Ming, 2014 Garden talk

  20. 果樹病蟲害的防治 • 購買抗病的品種. • UC Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program, (IPM). • 美國國家農業部(USDA)有機計劃(NOP)核准的可用與禁止的物質名單(USDA National Organic Program, Subpart G. The National List of Allowed and Prohibited Substances). 名單列有包括化學合成及非合成的物質使用規定. Yola and Ming, 2014 Garden talk

  21. 使用殺蟲劑及噴灑器材的安全措施 仔細讀說明書,遵照說明書使用和清潔處理. Yola and Ming, 2014 Garden talk

  22. 桃葉捲曲病(Peach Curl), 黴菌引起 • 冬眠的時候 (12月到花開前噴兩,三次) • 2. 有機農藥都是銅的化合物 • 硫酸銅銨的錯鹽:Kop R Spray Concentrate [Lilly Miller • brands] and Liqui-Cop [Monterey Lawn and Garden], 易被雨水沖洗 • 銅肥皂液:Copper soap (10%copper octanoate). • 只含1.8%銅, 效率低. • 波爾多混合液(Bordeaux Mixture)不被雨水沖洗, 最有效. 必須用硫酸銅[CuSO4]和熟石灰(Hydrated lime),自己配製. Yola and Ming, 2014 Garden talk

  23. 梨和蘋果的火燒病(Fire Blight)細菌引起 • 1.花盛開引來蜜蜂及其他昆蟲帶細菌入侵梨 • 和蘋果的花,嫩枝, 水果. • 沿樹皮內側輸水管往樹幹甚至到根 • 向下傳染, 一天可傳染二,三呎. • 3. 措施: 經常觀察 • 用10%漂白劑消毒過的剪子或鋸子割掉一呎半. • 接枝抗病品種的樹枝. • 每星期噴銅的有機農藥 (看說明書), 直到花謝. Yola and Ming, 2014 Garden talk

  24. 梨和蘋果的火燒病(Fire Blight) Yola and Ming, 2014 Garden talk

  25. 梨和蘋果的火燒病(Fire Blight) Yola and Ming, 2014 Garden talk

  26. 梨和蘋果的蛀蟲, Moth Codling • 蠹蛾(Coldling Moth)的幼蟲是禍首. • 每年有三代. UC cooperative Extension利用網路 • 提供州民蠹蛾出現以及幼蟲孵出的大約時間. • 3. 防治的方法有 • 包裹水果(Lunch Bag) • 用賀爾蒙黏著劑或陷阱捕捉蠹蛾 • 利用UC cooperative Extension Biofix Day& accumlated Degree-Day[DD])噴灑有機農藥, 將農藥的使用降到最低. • 噴灑有機農藥, 窄幅油(Narrow Range Oils), 窒息破壞蠹蛾的卵.效果低. • 賜諾殺(Spinosad) (Monterey Garden Insect Spray or Green Light Spinosad Lawn & Garden Spray , BonideCaptain Jack‘s Deadbug Brew®)供家居的果園用, 殺蠹蛾的幼蟲.效果長而且好. Yola and Ming, 2014 Garden talk

  27. 噴灑有機農藥的時間 Yola and Ming, 2014 Garden talk

  28. 果樹何時接枝 一月底到二月花開前接枝. Ever green, anytime 同種類才能接枝. 嫩枝(Scion)和母枝(Rootstock)的形成層 (Cambium)要緊接著 用膠布或Parafilm Tape 包裹接枝點. Yola and Ming, 2014 Garden talk

  29. Whip and Tongue Grafting Yola and Ming, 2014 Garden talk

  30. Bark or Stab Grafting 用膠帶 包好 切或刮新枝(Scion)的表皮讓它的形成層(cambium)與母枝表皮(Bark)的形成層緊密接觸 Yola and Ming, 2014 Garden talk

  31. 果樹何時剪枝 剪枝讓陽光照入與空氣流通, 促進生長結果. 控制高度才容易採收與放網避免鳥和松鼠侵害. 一般在冬眠剪枝 或採完水果後剪枝 . 已成長的櫻桃和橘樹不必修剪.可以修邊. 杏子(Apricot)必須採完水果後剪, 不能在冬眠剪避開disease eutypa dieback. Peach, nectarine, grape, & kiwi bear on last year's shoot growth and they grow a lot, so remove at least 50% of last years’ growth. Persimmon, apple, pear, plum, plumcot, and apricot which bear on spurs or less vigorous shoots, remove about 20% of last years’ grow. Yola and Ming, 2014 Garden talk

  32. East Bay Garden club • * 3 ~10月 每月一家主持. • * Potluck 每家帶一份餐食. • * 參觀和說明家園的蔬菜水果. • * 特別園藝討論. Yola and Ming, 2014 Garden talk

  33. Enjoy Gardening • Seeds Yola and Ming, 2014 Garden talk

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