Enhancing Public Trust in Judiciary Through Courthouse Architecture

1. Effective Delivery of Justice As a Means to Increase Public Trust and Confidence in the Judiciary April 19 and 20, 2018 Kyiv, Ukraine An International Perspective on Courthouse Architecture Tim Dibble Vice President, The Justice Management Institute Adjunct Professor, Michigan State University

2. An International Perspective on Courthouse Architecture Symbolism and Public Trust Effect of the Good Government on City and Country Life by Ambrogio Lorenzetti (c.1338-40) Siena, Italy

3. An International Perspective on Courthouse Architecture Symbolism and Public Trust Security with Scroll by Ambrogio Lorenzetti (c.1338-40) Siena, Italy Security holds a small gallows in one hand. Security holds a scroll in the other hand.  The text on the scroll: “Safety to all who live under the rule of law.”

4. An International Perspective on Courthouse Architecture Symbolism and Public Trust The great conundrum of the power of the state • The state is not an abstraction, an idea. It is powerful. • The judiciary represents the rule of law, even for the state.

5. An International Perspective on Courthouse Architecture Symbolism and Public Trust What does it mean for you as Judges and Heads of Court? • The role of democracy? • The role of the judge? • The role of the administrator? • The role of politicians in your town or region? • The evolution from judges as adjudicators to problem-solvers?

6. An International Perspective on Courthouse Architecture Accessibility Perspectives of visitors Fairness – everyone treated equally Voice – someone will listen to my point of my view – my concerns Respect – responsive to real life disputes Dignity – worth of the individual, value, inclusivity

7. An International Perspective on Courthouse Architecture Accessibility Perspectives of visitors VANDERBURGH COUNTY, INDIANA HENRY WOLTERS 1890

8. An International Perspective on Courthouse Architecture Accessibility Perspectives of visitors – courthouse design

9. An International Perspective on Courthouse Architecture Accessibility Perspectives of visitors – courthouse design VANDERBURGH COUNTY, INDIANA

10. An International Perspective on Courthouse Architecture Accessibility Perspectives of visitors – courthouse design

11. An International Perspective on Courthouse Architecture Accessibility Perspectives of visitors – courthouse design Balti District Court Moldova

12. An International Perspective on Courthouse Architecture – Lessons Learned and Best Practices Republic of Moldova Feasibility Study for Court Optimization July 29, 2015 Presented to Ministry of Justice Superior Council of Magistracy Department of Judicial Administration By USAID ROLISP The Justice Management Institute Urban Project Institute Legal Resources Centre from Moldova

13. An International Perspective on Courthouse Architecture – Lessons Learned and Best Practices Court Optimization Feasibility Republic of Moldova Court Optimization Scenario 3 Options 1 & 2 4 Appeal Courts 19 District Courts

14. An International Perspective on Courthouse Architecture – Lessons Learned and Best Practices Court Optimization Feasibility Republic of Moldova 4 Appeal Courts 42 District Courts 3 Appeal Courts 21 District Courts with nine+ judges • Space program • Schematic layouts • Capital cost estimates • Operational cost estimates • Number of judges remains the same

15. An International Perspective on Courthouse Architecture – Lessons Learned and Best Practices Court Optimization Feasibility Republic of Moldova

16. An International Perspective on Courthouse Architecture – Lessons Learned and Best Practices Court Optimization Feasibility Republic of Moldova 1 Bălți Court of Appeal

17. An International Perspective on Courthouse Architecture – Lessons Learned and Best Practices Court Optimization Feasibility Republic of Moldova 1 Bălți Court of Appeal

18. An International Perspective on Courthouse Architecture – Lessons Learned and Best Practices Court Optimization Feasibility Republic of Moldova 1 Bălți Court of Appeal

19. An International Perspective on Courthouse Architecture – Lessons Learned and Best Practices Court Optimization Feasibility Republic of Moldova Inga Pruteanu Urban Project AlexandruVolosin Ministry of Justice

20. An International Perspective on Courthouse Architecture – Lessons Learned and Best Practices Innovative approaches in courthouse architecture Alfred A. Arraj Federal Courthouse Denver, Colorado HOK Architects

21. An International Perspective on Courthouse Architecture – Lessons Learned and Best Practices Innovative approaches in courthouse architecture Bordeaux Law Courts Bordeaux, France Richard Rogers

22. An International Perspective on Courthouse Architecture – Lessons Learned and Best Practices Innovative approaches in courthouse architecture Bordeaux Law Courts Bordeaux, France Richard Rogers

23. An International Perspective on Courthouse Architecture – Lessons Learned and Best Practices Innovative approaches in courthouse architecture Antwerp Law Courts Antwerp, Belgium Roger StirkHarbour + Partners

24. An International Perspective on Courthouse Architecture – Lessons Learned and Best Practices Innovative approaches in courthouse architecture Antwerp Law Courts Antwerp, Denmark Roger StirkHarbour + Partners

25. An International Perspective on Courthouse Architecture – Ukrainian Courthouses and Standards Kyiv City Court of Appeals Compliance with the best international standards

26. An International Perspective on Courthouse Architecture – Ukrainian Courthouses and Standards Kyiv City Court of Appeals Compliance with the best international standards

27. An International Perspective on Courthouse Architecture – Ukrainian Courthouses and Standards Kyiv City Court of Appeals Compliance with the best international standards

28. An International Perspective on Courthouse Architecture – Ukrainian Courthouses and Standards Kyiv City Court of Appeals Compliance with the best international standards

29. An International Perspective on Courthouse Architecture – Ukrainian Courthouses and Standards Kyiv City Court of Appeals Boris, Judge and Speaker Judge

30. An International Perspective on Courthouse Architecture – Ukrainian Courthouses and Standards Kyiv City Shevchenkivsky First Instance Court Compliance with the best international standards

31. An International Perspective on Courthouse Architecture – Ukrainian Courthouses and Standards Kyiv City Shevchenkivsky First Instance Court Compliance with the best international standards

32. An International Perspective on Courthouse Architecture – Ukrainian Courthouses and Standards Kyiv City Shevchenkivsky First Instance Court Compliance with the best international standards

33. An International Perspective on Courthouse Architecture – Ukrainian Courthouses and Standards Kyiv City Shevchenkivsky First Instance Court Compliance with the best international standards

34. An International Perspective on Courthouse Architecture – Ukrainian Courthouses and Standards Kyiv City Shevchenkivsky First Instance Court Judge Irina, Judge Olga, Deputy Chief Judge, OlexandreHead of the SJA Territorial Office in Zaporizhzhia, Ruslan

35. An International Perspective on Courthouse Architecture – Ukrainian Courthouses and Standards Brief analysis of the State Building Norms of Ukraine Prescriptive Standards

36. An International Perspective on Courthouse Architecture – Ukrainian Courthouses and Standards Brief analysis of the State Building Norms of Ukraine Descriptive & Prescriptive Standards • Circulation Separation Standards • Public • Judge and Staff • Service • Prisoner • Vertical and Horizontal • Evacuation and Areas of Refuge • Access Control • Surveillance

37. An International Perspective on Courthouse Architecture – Ukrainian Courthouses and Standards Brief analysis of the State Building Norms of Ukraine Descriptive & Prescriptive Standards • Courtroom-Specific Standards (within courtroom) • Space • Heights • Access • Technology • Audio-Visual • Sight and Sound/Acoustics • Security • Ventilation and Air Conditioning

38. An International Perspective on Courthouse Architecture – Ukrainian Courthouses and Standards Brief analysis of the State Building Norms of Ukraine • Chapter 9 • Sanitary-Hygienic and Environmental Requirements • Descriptive and prescriptive requirements for sanitation and de-contamination, especially for buildings with criminal defendants • Natural light provisions – descriptive, broad • Artificial light provisions – descriptive, broad • Difficult to comment, due to limited access to cross-referenced regulations

39. An International Perspective on Courthouse Architecture – Ukrainian Courthouses and Standards Brief analysis of the State Building Norms of Ukraine • Chapter 10 • Energy Saving Requirements • Recommend use of broad public building energy and environmental standards • Recommend adoption of an environmental certification standard • BRREAM (UK) • LEED (US and Canada) • DGNB (Germany)

40. An International Perspective on Courthouse Architecture – Ukrainian Courthouses and Standards Recommendations on modernization of Ukrainian courthouses Drivers of Court Expansion and Design  Growth or reform as a catalyst  Inertia or maintenance of status quo  Decline or stagnation

41. An International Perspective on Courthouse Architecture – Ukrainian Courthouses and Standards Recommendations on modernization of Ukrainian courthouses By LokiiT - Own work, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=8742496

42. An International Perspective on Courthouse Architecture – Ukrainian Courthouses and Standards Recommendations on modernization of Ukrainian courthouses • Investment in the Judiciary and Courthouses • Commitment to the Rule of Law – symbolic importance • Public trust and confidence – access • Reduction in cost – greater efficiencies • Sustainability – enduring and strong

43. An International Perspective on Courthouse Architecture – Ukrainian Courthouses and Standards • Recommendation 1 • Focus on Consolidation, • If the Return on Investment (ROI) makes sense • In the trajectory of a country and capital improvements, 20-30 year timelines make sense • Plan for judges and staff, relocation, and services in villages • Make it stick – get buy-in

44. An International Perspective on Courthouse Architecture – Ukrainian Courthouses and Standards • Recommendation 2 • Understand the tradeoffs; manage expectations • Building greater efficiency costs money – capital investment • Consolidation = increase in scale, decrease in access

45. An International Perspective on Courthouse Architecture – Ukrainian Courthouses and Standards • Recommendation 3 • Invest in consolidated courthouses to make them work • Expansion and renovation of existing • Better staffing efficiencies and productivity • Technology – communication, information, and access • Sustainable – energy efficient, environmentally friendly, enduring

46. An International Perspective on Courthouse Architecture – Ukrainian Courthouses and Standards Recommendation 3 Sustainable – energy efficient, environmentally friendly, enduring SANDRA DAY O’CONNOR FEDERAL COURTHOUSE PHOENIX, ARIZONA RICHARD MEIER AND PARTNERS - ARUP

47. An International Perspective on Courthouse Architecture Questions? Thank you!