Bio 9C: Monday, January 4, 2010 Title: Cell Specialization & Muscle Cells

1. Bio 9C: Monday, January 4, 2010Title: Cell Specialization & Muscle Cells • Homework: • Read Section 36.2 and take notes using active reading strategies – see assignment sheet for details. • Extended Do Now: • Get a worksheet and complete Task #1 (5 min) • Compare answers/drawings with your tablemates • Complete Task #2 with the person sitting next to you • Today’s Objectives: • Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions • Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement

2. Extended Do Now: “Typical” Human Cell • Objectives for Class: • Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions • Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement

3. Extended Do Now: Specialized Cells have Specialized Structures • Objectives for Class: • Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions • Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement

4. Musculoskeletal System Biology 9 – Moretti & Dickson

5. Bio 9C: Wednesday, January 6, 2010Title: Muscle Cells Day 2 • Homework: • Complete Chicken Wing Dissection Analysis Questions • Extended Do Now: • What are the three things that make up the musculoskeletal system? • Today’s Objectives: • Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement • Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

6. Muscle Contractions:Create Body Movements

7. The Musculoskeletal System • Overall Functions: • Move the body, or parts of the body • Support body & maintain posture (keep you standing/sitting upright) • Made up of… • Skeletal muscles • Bones (skeletal system) • Connective tissues • Tendons connect muscle to bone • Ligaments connect bone to bone • Objectives for Class: • Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions • Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement

8. Chicken Wing Dissection Lab:Rules • Respect for the animals that donated these wings • Safety • Raw meat… keep hands away from mouth, wash hands after. • Scalpels are sharp! • Patience – this might be confusing. That’s OK! You can learn a lot even if you can’t figure out all the parts. • Zero tolerance for fooling around, horseplay, etc. You WILL be asked to leave • Objectives for Class: • Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement • Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

9. Chicken Wing Dissection Lab:Materials • Aprons, goggles & gloves • Dissecting tray • Scalpel – caution, these are sharp! Never cut towards fingers! • Scissors – often these are better for cutting than the scalpel • Chicken Wings • Objectives for Class: • Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement • Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

10. Chicken Wing Dissection Lab:Procedures • Put a chicken wing on a paper towel. • Peel back or cut away the skin and fat of the largest wing segment to expose the large muscle. This muscle is called the bicep. • Find the tendon that attaches the bicep to the bones of the middle segment of the wing. Tendons are tough, shiny, white cords that join the muscle to the bones. • Use forceps to pull on the tendon of the biceps and observe what happens to the chicken wing. • In the space below, draw a sketch showing how the tendon attaches the biceps muscle to the moveable bone in the wing. Write a sentence describing what happens when you pull on the tendon with the forceps. • Locate the joint between two bones. Observe how the joint is structured, particularly how the bones, tendons, ligaments, and muscles all come together.  • Lastly, break one of the small bones in half (be sure to crack it away from you). Examine the structure of the bone. Make notes and/or drawings. • Objectives for Class: • Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement • Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

11. Chicken Wing Dissection Lab:Hand Anatomy

12. Skeletal Muscle • Attached to bones • Contracts to create body movements • Controlled voluntarily • Structured with fibers bundled within fibers. The simplest muscle fiber is a muscle cell. Muscle Tissue • Objectives for Class: • Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions • Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement

13. Bio 9C: Thursday, January 7, 2010Title: Muscle Cells Day 3 • Homework: • In your notebook, write 2 paragraphs describing the following: • What are the major structures of a skeletal muscle cell and how they work together to allow a muscle to contract? • How do muscles, bones, and tendons connect together and help move body parts? Give an example of how a particular body part moves! • Do Now: • What are the parts of the muscle cell that make it contract? • Today’s Objectives: • Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement • Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

14. Zoom in… Zoom in more…

15. Skeletal Muscle Cells Structures: Functions: • Long, narrow cells • Filled with specialized cytoskeleton fibers • Many mitochondria • Many nuclei along edges of cell Reach the whole length of a muscle Fibers attach and slide past each other to contract Provide ATP energy for cytoskeleton to move Help make cytoskeleton proteins along the length of the whole cell • Objectives for Class: • Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions • Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement

16. Skeletal Muscle Cells Zoom in… • Objectives for Class: • Describe how different types of cells have different structures to fit their functions • Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement

17. How Muscle Cells Contract • Cytoskeleton fibers (myosin and actin) attach to each other and pull together. • This makes the entire muscle cell get shorter (aka contract). • This process uses a lot of ATP energy (provided by mitochondria). • When the fibers let go, the muscle relaxes. • Objectives for Class: • Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement • Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

18. Muscle Contractions:Create Body Movements • Muscles are attached to at least two points: • Immovable bone to “anchor” muscles • Movable bone - attached by tendons) • Muscle Contracts (gets shorter) • Muscle pulls on the tendon attached to moveable bone • Tendon pulls bone into new position • Objectives for Class: • Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement • Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

19. Muscle Contractions: Opposing Muscles Create Movement Examples: • Upper Arm: • Biceps contract: Arm bends at the elbow • Triceps contract: Arm straightens • Lower Leg: • Shin muscle contracts: Foot goes up • Calf muscle contracts: Foot goes down • Objectives for Class: • Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement • Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement

20. Animations: Overview, zoom in, and sarcomere contraction in grasshopper muscles (excellent): • http://entochem.tamu.edu/MuscleStrucContractswf/index.html Simultaneous whole-muscle, cartoon sarcomere, and real muscle fiber contraction (brief): • http://www.edumedia-sciences.com/en/a502-muscle-contraction-sarcomere Actin, myosin, and cross-bridges (detailed): • http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter10/animation__sarcomere_contraction.html • Objectives for Class: • Identify 3 specialized structures of muscle cells that allow them to contract to create movement • Describe how muscle cells are attached to bones to create our musculoskeletal system • Explain the steps necessary for a muscle to contract and cause movement