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INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION.

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INTRODUCTION

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  1. INTRODUCTION Root – fungus association is called Mycorrhiza. There are two types of Mycorrhizal fungal association viz. Ectomycorrhiza and Endomycorrhiza (AM). Mycorrhizal plants increase the surface area of the root system and absorb nutrients from soil especially phosphorus and micronutrients by huphae that goes beyond root zone to absorb nutrients. Almost 90 % of crop plants are mycorrhizal mostly of AM type. Therefore, AM association in crop plants plays significant role in enhancing nutrient mobilization towards root.

  2. Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (AM) Fungi as component of INM Gigaspora Glomus Vesicles and Arbuscules Mycorrhiza is the symbiotic association between plant roots and fungal mycelia

  3. CHARACTERISTICS OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA Mycorrhiza increase the surface area of the root Absorb nutrients from soil especially phosphorus and micronutrients through hyphae and mobilize into the host cell. Almost 90 % of crop plants are mycorrhizal mostly of arbuscular type (AM) Mycorrhiza possess vesicles and arbuscules. Mycorrhiza species are: Glomus, Gigaspora, Scutellospora, Acaulospora, Entrophosphora and Sclerocystis

  4. Microphotographs of different mycorrhizal type AM Spores Hyphal network Ectomycorrhiza Arbuscule Vesicle in root

  5. MYCORRHIZAL INOCULUM PRODUCTION Mycorrhizae are obligate symbiont Generally cultured with living host Spore multiplication in maize plant Collection of soil based inoculum Application in the root zone

  6. Crop Supplement of P2O5 through VAM (kg/ha) % Yield increase over control Fingermillet 19 18 Soybean 25-50 19 Chillies 37.5 55 Chickpea 40.0 25 Groundnut - 10-20 MYCORRHIZA ENHANCES CROP YIELD P supplementation and mobilization by AM helps in yield increase

  7. AM MYCORRHIZAL SPECIES Gigaspora Gigaspora Gigaspora Scutellospora Glomus albidum Glomus mosseae Sclerocystis Glomus Sclerocystis

  8. LET US SUM UP Mycorrhiza is an association of fungal mycelia with roots of higher plants and are of two types viz. Ectomycorrhiza and Endomycorrhiza (AM). Mycorrhizal plants increase the surface area of the root system and absorb nutrients from soil especially phosphorus and micronutrients by hyphae that goes beyond root zone to absorb nutrients. contd….

  9. contd…. The mycorrhizal association is one of the important phenomena for better establishment of crop plants especially under nutrient deficient soils. Almost 90 % of crop plants are mycorrhizal mostly of AM type.

  10. ASSESSMENT Q. State true or false : i)Glomusis a type of mycorrhiza found in nature. ii) ArbuscularMycorrhizae is regarded as the most important for crop plants. iii) Arbuscules and Vesicles are the two structures found in ArbuscularMycorrhiza. iv) The crop Maize is generally used for mass scale production of AM spore. v) External hyphae of mycorrhiza is used for nutrient acquisition.

  11. ASSESSMENT Model Answers : i)True ii) True iii) True iv) True v) True

  12. REFERENCES i) Advances in Microbiology – N. S.SubbaRao ii) Bio-fertilizer and Organic Farming – NIIR Board iii)Nitrogen fixing organisms (Pure and applied aspects) – J. I. Sprent and P. Sprent

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