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TACHYMETRY

TACHYMETRY. END. MENU. INTRODUCTION. TACHYMETRY SYSTEM. FIELD WORK. Defination. Type. Example work. Purpose. Practical 1. Basic principles. END. Cross Hair reticle. i. i. i = Stadia Interval. DEFINATION OF TACHYMETRY.

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TACHYMETRY

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  1. TACHYMETRY END

  2. MENU INTRODUCTION TACHYMETRY SYSTEM FIELD WORK Defination Type Example work Purpose Practical 1 Basic principles END

  3. Cross Hair reticle i i i = Stadia Interval DEFINATION OF TACHYMETRY The word tachymetry is derived from the Greek takhus metronmeaning ‘swift measurement’. It is a branch of surveying where height and distances between ground marks are obtained by optical means only. An example of tachymetry method is the stadia method. The distance between marks can be obtained without using a tape. The tachymeter is any theodolite adapted, or fitted with an optical device to enable measurement to be made optically. Two Types of Stadia Hair END

  4. C S A B α d D PRINCIPLES OF OPTICAL DISTANCE MEASUREMENT Isosceles triangle Distance AB = ½ (Cd) x Cot α/2 If distance AB = D, distance Cd = S , so Whereby D = distance between two point S = base line α = paralactic angle D = ½ S Cot α/2 END

  5. PRINCIPLES OF OPTICAL DISTANCE MEASUREMENT stadia above horizontal cross hair stadia on horizontal cross hair stadia below horizontal cross hair END

  6. TACHYMETRY SYSTEM • Fixed angle: • The stadia system • Incline Sights With • the Staff Vertical • Incline Sights With • the Staff Normal • Variable angle • Tangential system • – vertical staff • Substence system • – horizontal staff 1 2 END

  7. Horizontal angle Vertical angle Stadia Concept Final bering Zenith angle Text Plotting Reduced level Reading staff – upper, middle, above Distance STADIA SYSTEM END

  8. Staf Kanta objek A Diafragma Titik fokal b S x i x a B c f d D Paksi alat Theodolite From these similar triangles: but l = D – (f + c), So, the stadia formula: f --- the focal length of the object glass F – the outer focal point of the object glass i --- the stadia interval ab I--- the distance from the outer focal point to the staff D---the horizontal distance required s--- the staff intercept AB c---the distance from object glass to instrument axis END

  9. EVALUATION OF STADIA CONSTANTS, K&C UPPER STADIA = 1.620 UPPER STADIA = 1.871 MIDDLE STADIA = 1.420 MIDDLE STADIA = 1.421 LOWER STADIA = 1.220 LOWER STADIA = 0.971 1.620 1.420 1.220 1.871 1.421 0.971 END

  10. EVALUATION OF STADIA CONSTANTS, K&C 1.620 1.420 1.220 1.871 1.421 0.971 K and C can be calculate by using the stadia formula, D = Ks + C. D is the distance between staff and the tachymeter, s stands for staff intercept. 40 = 0.4 K + C ------------------------------ (1) 90 = 0.9 K + C ------------------------------ (2) Now, we can solve the problem by using simultaneous equation. (2) – (1) 90 – 40 = 0.9 K – 0.4 K 50 = 0.5 K K PRACTISE 1 K = 100 Replace K =100 in (1) 40 = 0.4 ( 100) + C C = 40 -40 C = 0 END

  11. PRACTISE 1 1.433 1.283 1.133 1.710 1.435 1.160 0.30 0.150 0.150 1.283 – 1.133 1.433 – 1.283 2.352 1.902 1.452 0.275 1.435 – 1.160 0.55 0.275 1.710 – 1.435 0.450 2.352 – 1.902 0.450 0.90 1.903 – 1.452 RESULT K = 100 C = 0 D = K S + C 30 = 0.30K + C ………(i) 55 = 0.55K + C ……. (ii) 90 = 0.90K + C ………(iii) END

  12. PRACTICAL 1 PROCEDURE OF FIELD WORK Method of field booking Equipment Method precision work Review Field booking Datum • Calculate of • K & C • (average value), • Final bering • Plotting To order to make the field work

  13. PURPOSE VIEW FIELD WORK PRACTICAL 1 BE = 6m B E AB = 5m DE = 5m A D AC = 6m CD = 5m C

  14. EXAMPLE RESULT PRACTICAL 1 - TACHEOMETRY BOOKING FORM (Determine value K & C)

  15. PRECISION WORK TRABAS CLASS SECOND CLASS = 105015’30” - 105013’58” = 001’32” (DIFFERENCE < 2’) KELAS KERJA TERABAS

  16. REPORT PRACTICAL CC 201 ENGINEERING SURVEY 2 MARK DISTRIBUTION PRACTICAL REPORT CC 201 • FORMAT LAPORAN AMALI • AMALI UKUR TEKIMETRI • Dapatkan nilai K dan C bagi setiap teodolit yang digunakan • Pengukuran butiran topografi tapak. • Setiap kerja amali diatas perlu disertakan data pembukuan, pengiraan setiap satu dan lakaran butiran kerja. END

  17. KESIMPULAN • KERJA AMALI YANG LENGKAP SIAP DGN:- • Pembukuan Bering YgBetul • Pelarasan Bering GunaKaedahTertentu • Pengiraannilaipurata K & C • PemplotanLukisan JIKA ADA MASALAH AMALI, END

  18. THANK YOU END

  19. PANDUAN KEKUNCI SATU ‘SLIDE’ SEBELUMNYA ‘SLIDE’ MENU SATU ‘SLIDE’ SELEPASNYA ‘SLIDE’ PERMULAAN ‘SLIDE’ TERAKHIR END TAMAT ‘SLIDE’ PANDUAN END

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