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Foundations of Civilizations

Explore the transition from Paleolithic to Neolithic eras and the rise of the Mesopotamian civilizations. Learn about the social, political, economic, religious, intellectual, and artistic developments that shaped these early civilizations.

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Foundations of Civilizations

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  1. Foundations of Civilizations

  2. What makes man different?

  3. Where???

  4. Move to Neolithic Era (Agriculture) Was Paleolithic man more or less egalitarian? Were women treated better or worse in Paleolithic times? Social Stratification…

  5. More stable food source allowed for…

  6. So the effects were…

  7. And The Population… SKY-ROCKETED!!!

  8. Why would people want to share their “new” way of life with others? • -Brainstorm 2 or 3 reasons that Paleolithic man might want to get others to join the village… • WORKERS, NEW IDEAS, NEW LAND • What problems might come with this new way of living? • ”MY LAND!!!” Outsiders become intruders rather than visitors

  9. All these advancements lead to… • Political Development (Government systems, Rulers, Laws) • Economic Development (Trade, Currency, Local Industries, Labor Systems) • Religious Development (God/s, Holy Books, Rituals, Temples) • Social Development (Defined gender roles, Class stratification) • Intellectual Development (Education Systems, Inventions, Philosophy) • Artistic Development (Architecture, Painting, Sculpture, Literature, Drama) The Beginning of Civilizations!!!

  10. Mesopotamia

  11. Land Between The Rivers • The first states in Mesopotamia were city-states established by the Sumerians.

  12. Rise of Empires… • Eventually these city-states grew so much that city-state began fighting city-state for power, land, and wealth. This made it easy for rulers to establish empires. • Empire: Large political unit/state that controls many people under one ruler. Easy to establish, hard to maintain. Empires rose and fell rapidly.

  13. Memorable Mesopotamian Empires • Sargon of the Akkadians overran the Sumerians in 2340 BC…established the world’s first Empire. • Hammurabi of the Babylonians established the next empire in 1792 BC. After his death, in 1750 BC, the empire fell to new invaders.

  14. However…Hammurabi’s Laws Lived On • If any one steal the minor son of another, he shall be put to death •  If a tavern-keeper (feminine) does not accept corn according to gross weight in payment of drink, but takes money, and the price of the drink is less than that of the corn, she shall be convicted and thrown into the water • If the "finger is pointed" at a man's wife about another man, but she is not caught sleeping with the other man, she shall jump into the river for her husband • If any one be guilty of incest with his mother after his father, both shall be burned.

  15. Your Job… • With your group, decide on laws for the following crimes: • Theft • Adultery • Murder • Cheating • Not Baring Children • Building A Home That Falls • Kidnapping • Falsely Accusing Someone • Causing Someone To Lose An Eye • Causing Someone To Lose a Limb Everyone in your group needs to agree on the laws. You should be able to defend that they are fair and just. You will present these laws in front of the class.

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