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Influenza A (H1N1) Virus : Spread and Response

This article discusses the spread of the Influenza A (H1N1) virus and the international cooperation in response to the outbreak in the Americas. It provides information on the pandemic phase, reported cases, and the actions taken by PAHO/WHO and member states to control and prevent further spread. Travel recommendations and precautions for individuals are also mentioned.

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Influenza A (H1N1) Virus : Spread and Response

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  1. Influenza A (H1N1)Virus: Spread and Response Influenza Outbreak in the Americas: International Cooperation in Response to the Spread of H1N1 Flu 5 May 2009 Jarbas Barbosa, MD MPH PhD Manager Health Surveillance and Disease Prevention and Control Pan American Health Organization - PAHO\AMRO World Health Organization - WHO

  2. Influenza A (H1N1) Preconditions for a pandemic • New virus. Population not previously exposed. • Can infect humans. • Sustained person-to-person transmission.

  3. Influenza A (H1N1) Pandemic Phase 5: What does it mean? • Sustained transmission in at least 2 countries in the same region (Mexico and U.S.). • Phase 6 requires sustained transmission in at least 1 country in another region. • Majority of cases seem to be mild, but need to monitor the virus.

  4. Influenza A (H1N1) Pandemic Phase 5: What does it mean?

  5. Reported cumulative number of confirmed cases of influenza A (H1N1) virus by countries, as of 05 May 2009, 13:00 ET

  6. Number of Cases Reported by the WHO 1 Number of deaths is already included in the number of cases Update 14 as of 12:00 GMT, 5 May 2009

  7. Number of Cases Reported by the WHO 1 Number of deaths is already included in the number of cases Update 14 as of 12:00 GMT, 5 May 2009

  8. Number of Cases Reported by the WHO 1 Number of deaths is already included in the number of cases Update 14 as of 12:00 GMT, 5 May 2009

  9. IHR Operations DGO/RD • All events are documented and assessed by a joint Event Management Group (EMG) • EMG collects information from all sources in a single forum Emergency Committee IHS Expert Roster Event Management Group HQ staff WHO Technical Units and other programmes/sources RO staff Existing information flows, through PWR, technical units, programs and networks are preserved, and technical units participate in Risk Assessment Technical units WHO REGIONAL 24/7 Contact Point PAHO Regional Contact Point 24/7 Contact Point and NFP ensure that PAHO/WHO can send and receive information at all times PWR Primary information channel is through the PAHO/WHO Country Office National IHR Focal Point MoH

  10. Influenza A (H1N1) What is PAHO doing? • PAHO is tracking the regional situation and working with WHO in global monitoring and sharing of information. • Distributing diagnostic kits through Collaborating Centers to National Influenza Centers. • PAHO has been working with countries since 2004 on pandemic preparedness and on the International Health Regulations. • PAHO has mobilized 27 experts in Mexico in epidemiology, virology, laboratory analysis, infection control, emergency response, logistics, communication. • EOC at PAHO Headquarters working 24/7 since April 23..

  11. Influenza A (H1N1) What is PAHO/WHO doing? • Ministers of Health of the Americas convened by PAHO via teleconference on April 28 and May 4 to exchange technical information and address questions. • WHO is leading the global scientific community to increase knowledge. • WHO is taking decisions on PHEIC, pandemic phases and recommendations. • Mobilizing additional resources.

  12. Influenza A (H1N1) Antivirals • PAHO is deploying a stockpile of oseltamivir (Tamiflu) to countries in the Region. 479,000 doses have been already dispatched. • PAHO in dialogue with pharmaceutical industry to ensure oseltamivir availability.

  13. Influenza A (H1N1) Vaccines • PAHO recommends increased uptake of seasonal influenza vaccine in countries using it, and introduction in countries that have not used it before. • WHO is working with pharmaceutical industry to develop vaccine for new virus and speed production.

  14. Influenza A (H1N1) Member States’ response • Countries updating and implementing national pandemic preparedness plans. • Much better prepared than five years ago. • Step up surveillance and infection control to identify and treat cases and trace contacts. • Communicate messages on individual and collective public health measures. • Be on high alert for cases; notify PAHO/WHO under International Health Regulations.

  15. Influenza A (H1N1) Travel recommendations • No restrictions on travel and no border closings. • People who are ill should delay travel. Returning travelers who become ill should seek medical advice.

  16. Influenza A (H1N1) What should people do? • Be aware; get information. • Take precautions: wash hands, cough and sneeze on tissues or sleeve, stay at home if ill. (Don’t go to work if sick.) • If you think you have influenza, call first for medical advice. • You cannot get influenza from any type from eating pork. • Do not self-medicate. Do not use Tamiflu to prevent illness.

  17. Americas Interactive atlas Influenza A (H1N1) For updated information on current situation of the influenza A (H1N1) please visit: www.paho.org www.who.int

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