World War I

1. World War I The War at Home and Overseas

2. Objectives • Explain and analyze the expansion of federal powers. • Analyze and evaluate the ongoing tension between individual liberty and national security. • Explain how American society has been impacted by the entry of more women, minorities, and immigrant workers into the labor force.

3. Mobilization for total War • All of these steps are being taken to prepare for total war. • This is where all of the resources of the country are being used for the war effort. The U.S. is taking great strides to prepare for war. • Americans are: • Rationing food • Rationing gasoline • Enlisting in military • Buying liberty bonds

4. As a Result industry is booming War Production • Many young men are leaving to go overseas and fight the war. • Women and many African Americans will fill the jobs that are left by soldiers. • As a result of this new role women will gain ground in their push for equal rights.

5. More total war Fuel Administration War Labor Board The nation had to control the price and supply of coal and oil. We needed all the energy we could get for production. Everything was geared towards the war Effort. A twelve member board of business and government officials. Arbitrated Labor disputes during the War to ensure steady production.

6. More conflict at home Civil Liberties National Security This is the overall security and safety of the country. Safety from foreign aggression. Safety from domestic terror. The overall war effort is an effort to keep us safe from Germany. These are the basic rights of citizens. For example: • Freedom of Speech • Freedom of Religion • Freedom of the Press

7. Laws that affected civil liberties during the war Espionage Act Sedition Act Simply an expansion of the Espionage Act Forbade profane or scurrilous language about the U.S. Government • Prohibited interference with the war and insubordination in the military. • We needed soldiers so the government made this law in the name of National Security.

8. Civil Liberties v national Security Espionage Act • June 15, 1917 • Prohibited • attempt to interfere with military operations • to support U.S. enemies during wartime • to promote insubordination in the military • to interfere with military recruitment

9. Civil Liberties v national Security Charles Schenck Charles Schenck • Schenk was printing and distributing to draftees leaflets opposing the draft. • He challenged the Espionage Act on the grounds of free speech but the court upheld the law and ruled against him.

10. Civil Liberties v national Security Charles Schenck was publishing pamphlets against the draft. The Supreme Court upheld the Espionage Act deciding that Schenck represented a “clear and present danger.” Which right is being limited here? Schenck v U.S.

11. What do we learn from this? During a time of war: Expanding Government Power Committee on Public Information Controlled what kind of information is distributed to the public (propaganda). Espionage Act Limits what people can do and say if it hurts the war effort (clear and present danger). • Citizens are often expected to contribute to the war effort. • Constitutional rights sometimes restricted.

12. Ending The war Wilson’s Fourteen Points Speech League of Nations International Peacekeeping organization called for in Wilson’s Fourteen Points. • encompassed war aims(goals) and a general guideline for a post-war order and frontiers(borders) • This was meant to bring a peaceful end to the war and establish order in a post-War Europe.

13. Ending the war Armistice • November 11, 1918 • Germany agrees to a “cease fire” ending the war. • This gives the allies the unofficial victory over Germany.

14. Post-War Decisions Treaty of Versailles League of Nations U.S. doesn’t join. • June 28, 1919 • This officially ends the State of War between Germany and the Allies. • Congress refuses to ratify the Treaty because of fears that it would involve the U.S. in too many foreign entanglements.