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A R emedial E nglish G rammar. CHAPTERS. ARTICLES AGREEMENT OF VERB AND SUBJECT CONCORD OF NOUNS, PRONOUNS AND POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES CONFUSION OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS DIFFICULTIES WITH COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVES CONFUSION OF PARTICIPLES: ACTIVE & PASSIVE PREPOSITIONS
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CHAPTERS ARTICLES AGREEMENT OF VERB AND SUBJECT CONCORD OF NOUNS, PRONOUNS AND POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES CONFUSION OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS DIFFICULTIES WITH COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVES CONFUSION OF PARTICIPLES: ACTIVE & PASSIVE PREPOSITIONS NEGATIVE VERBS TENSES 1, 2 & 3 THE INFINITIVE
Confusion of adjectives and adverbs • Adjectival Complements • The verbs to be, to seem, to become and verbs which suggest ‘become’ are followed by an adjective. (Other verbs include appear, feel, look, grow, turn) E.g. Oranges are scarce this year. He became very angry. The milk turned sour. The sky grew dark. The structure is S + v + adj
Confusion of adjectives and adverbs Some of the earlier mentioned verbs can be used in a different sense when they need an adverb. E.g. He turned quickly (means move around) Those rose trees have grown rapidly (means increase in size) Here the structure is S + v + adv
Confusion of adjectives and adverbs 2. An adjective is used after verbs indicating fundamental physical senses such as feel, sound, taste, smell. E.g. The fruit tastes bitter The surface of this table feels rough Here the structure is S + v (sense) + adj
Confusion of adjectives and adverbs • Words ending in –ly Adverbs of manner can be formed from adjectives by adding –ly to the suffix E.g. foolishly, quickly, slowly But if the adjective itself carry an –ly suffix then it cannot be converted as stated above. They are of two categories.
Confusion of adjectives and adverbs • Those which are used both as adjectives and adverbs without any change. E.g. daily, early, hourly, only, weekly, yearly. • Those which can be used as adjectives only. E.g. brotherly, friendly, homely, likely, lovely, manly, seemly, womanly. The adverbial equivalent of kindly (adjective) is in a kindly manner.
Confusion of adjectives and adverbs • Use of hard/hardly, late/lately, most/mostly Hard means strenuously E.g. You should work hard for attaining success. Hardly means scarcely at all E.g. I could hardly recognize my old friend.
Confusion of adjectives and adverbs Late means • After the time expected • Towards the end of the specified period of time She has arrived late to the class She did not marry until late in life Lately means recently Have you read any good novels lately (It makes use of only perfect tense unlike ‘recently’ which can be used with perfect or past)
Confusion of adjectives and adverbs Most means to the greatest extent or degree E.g. The food I like the most is milk porridge. Mostly means for the most part E.g. The audience consisted mostly of children.