Embracing

1. UNIT 2: Embracing New Horizons Prepared by: Christian Jay Syting & Shelley Faith Jumamoy

2. Table of Contents: Unit Summary Lesson 1: Loving and Living Lesson 2: Acknowledging Responsibilities Lesson 3: Witnessing Changes Within Lesson 4: Facing Challenges

3. Unit Summary The Filipinos’ discovery of Western culture provides him or her with a wider perspective of the world he or she lives in. The diversity in culture of two opposite world affords him or her to view his or her environment at macro- level. This also allows him or her to adjust to the ways and practices of new acquaintances and friends.

4. Lesson 1: Loving and Living (click the star to open) Sonnet 116 About the Author (William Shakespeare) Words to explore Appreciating Sonnets Further study (internet sources)

5. Lesson 2: Acknowledging Responsibilities (click the star to open) Of Parents and Children About the Author (Francis Bacon) Words to explore Summarizing what you read Further study (internet sources)

6. Lesson 3: Witnessing Changes Within (click the star to open) Araby About the Author (James Joyce) Words to explore Types of literary techniques Further study (internet sources)

7. Lesson 4: Facing Challenges (click the star to open) Romeo and Juliet About the Author (William Shakespeare) Words to explore Tips for understanding drama Further study (internet sources)

8. Sonnet 116 Let me not to the marriage of true minds Admit impediments. Love is not love Which alters when it alteration finds, Or bends with the remover to remove: O, no! it is n ever fixed- mark, That looks on tempests and is never shaken; It is the star to every wandering bark, Whose worth’s unknown, although his height be taken. Love’s not Time’s fool, though rosy lips and cheeks Within his bending sickle’s compass come; Love alters not with his brief hours and weeks, But bears it out even to the edge of doom. If this be error, and upon me prov’d, I never writ, nor no man ever lov’d. Back to lesson 1

9. Words to Explore Back to lesson 1

10. About the Author: William Shakespeare The greatest figure in English Literature, William Shakespeare, was born of excellent parentage in Stratford-on-Avon. His mother, Mary Arden, was the daughter of a wealthy landowner, while his father, John Shakespeare, was an honored citizen and officer of the village. From boyhood, Shakespeare had been interested in amateur dramatics and in working with traveling troupes of players that came to Stratford. Shakespeare may not have gone to the university just like all the other great men, but he certainly had far more schooling than any one of them. Back to lesson 1

11. Appreciating Sonnets The word sonnet comes from the Italian word sonetto which means “song” or “little song”. In literature, a sonnet is a lyric poem that is composed of fourteen lines. This poem is considered as the most complicated for it follows a definite pattern in terms of rhythm and rhyme scheme. Next page

12. 2 Kinds of Sonnet 1. Petrarchan or Italian Sonnet This sonnet was popularized by Francesco Petrarca, thus, the name Petrarchan sonnet. This sonnet has two parts- the octave which comprises the first 8 lines of the poem with the rhyme scheme abbaabba, and the remaining 6 lines known as the sestet with a rhyme scheme of cdecde, cdcdcd, ccdeed, or cdcdee (click for an example) Next page

13. 2 Kinds of Sonnet 2. Shakespearean Sonnet It is also composed of 14 lines. Unlike the Petrarchan, it is divided into 3 four- line units called quatrains. The remaining 2 lines of the sonnet is called couplet. The rhyme scheme of this sonnet is ababcdcdefef and its rhythmic pattern is iambic pentameter, meaning each line consists of 5 unstressed syllables alternating with 5 stressed ones. (click for an example) Back to lesson 1

14. Sonnet 61 by Francesco Petrarca (translated by Joseph Auslander) Blest be the day, and blest the month and year, - a Season and hour and every moment blest. - b The lovely land and place where first possessed - b By two pure eyes I found me prisoner; - a And blest the first sweet pain, the first most dear, - a Which burned my heart when love came in as guest; - b And blest the bow, the shafts which shook my breast,- b And even the wounds which love delivered there. - a Blest be the words and voices which filled grove - c And glen with echoes of my lady’s name; - d The sighs, the tears, the fierce despair of love; - c And blest the sonnet- source of my fame; - d And blest that thought of thoughts which is her own, - e Of her, her only, of herself alone! - e octave volta sestet Back to Petrarchan Sonnet

15. Sonnet 29 by William Shakespeare When in disgrace with fortune an men’s eyes - a I all alone beweep mu outcast state, - b And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries, - a And look upon myself, and curse my fat, - b Wishing me like to one more rich in hope, - c Featured like him, like him with friends possessed, - d Desiring this man’s art, and that man’s scope, - c With what I most enjoy contented least; - d Yet in these thoughts myself almost despising, - e Haply I think on thee,- and then my state, - f (Like to lark at break of day arising - e From sullen earth,) sings hymns at heaven’s gate; - f For thy sweet love remembered, such wealth brings - g That then I scorn to change my state with kings - g 1st quatrain 2nd quatrain 3rd quatrain couplet Back to Shakespearean Sonnet

16. The following links will give you more info and examples of the 2 kinds of Sonnet: Petrarchan Sonnet: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrarchan_sonnet http://www3.dbu.edu/mitchell/petrarch.htm Shakespearean Sonnet: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_sonnets http://www.shakespeare-online.com/sonnets/sonnetstyle.html After checking the websites above, you will submit to me your own Sonnet. Choose one type of sonnet that you will follow. Back to lesson 1

17. About the Author: Francis Bacon The youngest brood of eight, Francis Bacon entered Trinity College, Cambridge at age twelve. Three years after he began studying Law, and assuming public offices from being a solicitor general to being attorney general and eventually lord keeper of the Great Seal, the same office held by his father. His essays written under the title Essays, which appeared in three editions, have been classified as those on ethical subject, those on human relationships. Back to lesson 2

18. Words to Explore Back to lesson 2

19. Summarizing What You Read Summary- is a restatement of the important points or details of the material that you read based on how you have understood the text. Here are some tips that you can use in writing a summary: 1. Have an overview of the material that you intend to read. This can be done through skimming its pages. 2. Read the text with understanding. If you fail to comprehend it in the first reading, REREAD the text. 3. List down the important ideas presented in the text. 4. Write the summary. In writing the summary, you should be aware of the following: a. Details should be presented in the same sequence as in the original text. b. Words that you use in your summary should be your own. c. Only the essential details should be included. d. Write briefly. Your summary should not exceed the original material. Back to lesson 2

20. Summarizing What You Read For more information and example on Summarizing, click the links below: http://www.ehow.com/how_2165700_summarize-reading-assignment.html http://www.ehow.com/how_2165700_summarize-reading-assignment.html http://grammar.about.com/od/rs/g/summaryterm.htm Back to lesson 2

21. About the Author: James Joyce Irish author of the twentieth century, James Joyce is known for his novel Ulysses. Born in Dublin, Ireland, Joyce was educated in Catholic institutions as a young boy, and later on, he went to attend University College, Dublin. Back to lesson 3

22. Words to Explore Back to lesson 3

23. Types of Literary Techniques A piece of literature can be more interesting and can be more appreciated by readers if it offers not just simply information but also satisfaction. To realize such task a writer must make use of tools in writing known as literary devices. Here are some of them. Flashback - this literary device is used when the standard time order in the plot is broken to show an incident in the past that provides a very important background information in the story. 2. Foreshadowing - this literary device is used to serve as a hint to prepare the readers to anticipate a future event in the story. Through this device, the readers can predict the outcome of the story. Back to lesson 3

24. Types of Literary Techniques 3. Figures of speech - this literary device is used when the writer describes ideas and things using another image or symbol. This representation should not be interpreted or taken literally. 4. Dialogue - this literary device is a conversation between characters in the story. It presents the precise words of the characters. It is usually applied in plays and films. Back to lesson 3

25. Types of Literary Techniques 5. Suspense - It is a condition of an uncertain excitement on readers because of what he or she is reading. He or she becomes eager to know what will happen next. Sometimes the answers to the readers’ queries are being held back intentionally by the writers to prolong the readers’ excitement. 6. Imaginative Language - this technique makes use of words that create vivid pictures and arouse the feelings of the readers. Also, it makes use of words that appeal to the senses. Back to lesson 3

26. Types of Literary Techniques For more information and examples about the literary techniques, visit the links below: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flashback_%28literary_technique%29 http://www.foreshadowing.org/in-literature.html http://grammar.about.com/od/fh/g/Figure-Of-Speech.htm http://fictionwriting.about.com/od/crafttechnique/tp/dialogue.htm http://www.foreshadowing.org/ Task: Choose one essay of Francis Bacon and write a summary about it. Make sure you will follow the guidelines in summarizing. Back to lesson 3

27. Words to Explore Back to lesson 4

28. About the Author: William Shakespeare The greatest figure in English Literature, William Shakespeare, was born of excellent parentage in Stratford-on-Avon. His mother, Mary Arden, was the daughter of a wealthy landowner, while his father, John Shakespeare, was an honored citizen and officer of the village. From boyhood, Shakespeare had been interested in amateur dramatics and in working with traveling troupes of players that came to Stratford. Shakespeare may not have gone to the university just like all the other great men, but he certainly had far more schooling than any one of them. Back to lesson 4

29. Tips for Understanding Drama Among the forms of literature, the drama is considered as the most realistic for its scenes and actions are meant to be performed or to be acted out on stage and their dialogues are to be spoken out loud. Every time we read a play or a screenplay, we tend to imagine how it would be performed in front of us. On the other hand, we should not overlook the fact that it is a form of literature therefore, we have to consider its elements like setting, characters, plot, etc. Here are some guide questions that you can use t understand and enjoy this form of literature. How do you categorize the literary piece- a stage play or a screenplay? In terms of plot, what event is considered as the beginning, the rising action, the climax, the denouement, and the ending? Who are the important characters in the story? Who among them are static and dynamic? those who are dynamic, what are the changes in them? Do their lines or dialogues expose or show their personalities? What is the setting of the story? Are they revealed in the set design and in the properties used? What is the theme of the story? Is it revealed through the setting, the portrayal of the characters, the plot, and the set design? How do the elements of the play such as the set design, properties, lighting, costume, and acting transform the story into a lifelike situation? Back to lesson 4