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Helminthes (worms)

Helminthes (worms). Helminthes. Nematodes ( round worm). General characteristics -bilaterally symmetrical, unsegmented and elongated, -The body is covered with a non cellular cuticle. -The sex is separated ( bisexual the )female is longer than the male.

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Helminthes (worms)

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  1. Helminthes (worms)

  2. Helminthes

  3. Nematodes (round worm)

  4. General characteristics • -bilaterally symmetrical, unsegmented and elongated, • -The body is covered with a non cellular cuticle. • -The sex is separated ( bisexual the )female is longer than the male. • -Size varies from less than one mm to several centimeters. • -Digestive system is complete with mouth, gut & anus. • -Nervous system is very simple. • -Reproductive system is well developed. • The fundamental stages in are the egg , larva & the adult..

  5. Enterobiusvermicularis Threadworm, Pinworm, Seatworm, or Oxyurisvermicularis. (entero = intestine, bius = live) , (oxy = sharp, uris = tail).

  6. Epidemiology • -It is cosmopolitan. • -It is more common in cold, temperate than in tropical and subtropical climates. • (decrease bathing and less change of the (underwear, so more chance to infection.

  7. Morphology

  8. Mode of transmission 1-Anus to mouth by: a-contaminated finger: (reinfection). b-contaminated night clothes, bed linen, etc. 2-Airborne. 3-Retroinfection. 4-People sleeping in the same bed or bedroom, also contaminated toilet seat and wears.

  9. Pathology and clinical manifestations • Majority of infections are asymptomatic. • -Pruritisani is main clinical manifestation, which results from: • 1-tickiling sensation from the emergence of the adult female worm. • 2-biproduct of adult worms. • 3-sticky albumin material coated the eggs. • -Perianal excoriation, abdominal pain, appendicitis and eosinophilia are other manifestations.

  10. Behavioral changes • -nail biting, • -nose picking, • -grinding of teeth during night, • -inattention and poor cooperation • nervousness, night mare, insomnia, anorexia, loss of weight, tiredness and dark shadow under the eye.

  11. Ectopic enteropiasis • -Ectopic migration of worms may cause • -vaginitis, • -omentiti, • -cervisitis, • -peritonitis and • -recurrent UTI.

  12. Diagnosis 1-History and clinical finding: 2-Specific diagnosis by detection of: -Adult worms in a-stool (on the surface). b-peri-anal area -Eggs: by • a-Scotch tape slide method: 95% of infected cases. • b-Stool examination: • 5% of infected cases

  13. Treatment -Mebendazole(vermox) repeated after 7-10 days. -All family must be treated. -All bed lines & towels washed in hot water & the home must be cleaned.

  14. Trichuristrichiura (Whipworm) • -It occurs worldwide. • -most common in warm moist climates and areas where sanitation is poor.

  15. Trichiuristrichiura: adult worms (female and male)

  16. Egg of Trichiuristrichiura

  17. Pathogenesis and clinical features • -Abdominal pain, weight loss, or epigastric pain. • -Rectal prolapsed (probably due to toxic irritation of nerve endings). • -Anaemia due to heavy worm load. • -Malnutrition. • -Bloody diarrhea. • -Acute appendicitis due to mechanical blockage. • -Eosinophilia

  18. Diagnosis 1-Stool examination a-typical barrel shaped eggs. b-occasionally an adult worm may appear in stool. 2-Sigmoidoscopy • In heavy infection, sigmoidoscopy may show the white bodies of the worm hanging from the inflamed mucosa- the so called coconutcakerectum.

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