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TYPES OF STUDIES IN DIABETES EPIDEMIOLOGY

TYPES OF STUDIES IN DIABETES EPIDEMIOLOGY. TYPES OF STUDIES BASED ON:. Purpose Time Cost Feasibility. TYPES OF STUDY. Observational Descriptive Analytical Cross-sectional Retrospective Prospective Experimental Clinical Trial Community Intervention Trial Field Trial.

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TYPES OF STUDIES IN DIABETES EPIDEMIOLOGY

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  1. TYPES OF STUDIES IN DIABETES EPIDEMIOLOGY

  2. TYPES OF STUDIES BASED ON: • Purpose • Time • Cost • Feasibility

  3. TYPES OF STUDY Observational Descriptive Analytical • Cross-sectional • Retrospective • Prospective Experimental • Clinical Trial • Community Intervention Trial • Field Trial

  4. A STUDY DESIGN FOR THE OUTCOMES OF DIABETES • Diabetes • Morbidity (Complications) • Mortality (Death) • Economics • Treatment • Education • Prevention & Control • Intervention

  5. TIME AND TYPES OF STUDY PAST PRESENT FUTURE Retrospective Cross-sectional Prospective Time

  6. PRESENT Cross-sectional Time CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

  7. ANALYTICAL STUDY A cross-sectional study: • Privides a snap shot • Is simple • Provides associated factor • Is first line of epidemiologic research

  8. CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY What is different about: • DM • Morbidity (Complications) • Mortality (Death) How is it different about: • SES • Age at onset • Season

  9. Korea Japan Kuwait Israel England Canada Netheland Denmark Pittsburgh, USA Scotland Sweden Finland CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY Incidence /100,000

  10. PRESENT Disease PAST Time RETROSPECTIVE STUDY Determining differences in: • Life style • Diet • Reproductive on • Medication • Family Hx • Genetics

  11. Suitable for rare diseases Inexpensive Minimal ethical problems Short study time Small # of subjects Subjects need not volunteer Susceptable to selection & memory bias Inconsistency: definitions of symptoms or diseases may have been modified over time. Can not determine incidence Limitations in data Relative risk approximation RETROSPECTIVE STUDY: PROS & CONS PRO CON

  12. Retinopathy+ Future Retinopathy- Time PROSPECTIVE STUDY PRESENT DM Risk factors???

  13. Less variability to bias No recall necessary Incidence determined Relative risk accurate Consistent disease definitions & symptoms. Longer time Common disease only Expensive Ethical concern A high drop-out rate Volunteers needed A large # of subjects needed The Hawthorne-effect PROSPECTIVE STUDY: PROS & CONS PRO CON

  14. CROSS-SECTIONAL Understand RETROSPECTIVE Estimate risk factors PROSPECTVE Validate risk factors TYPES OF STUDIES AND GOALS Prevention-Control-Intervention-Education-Management

  15. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY • Animal • Drug trials • Human

  16. Exercise Diet Outcome evaluation Drug EXPERIMENTAL STUDY Randomized Clinical Trial:DPP Random Selection

  17. Outcome evaluation EXPERIMENTAL STUDY Cross-over design

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