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Investigation on Road Safety Policies for Pedestrians and Cyclists in Iran

This research aims to assess the ineffectiveness of pedestrian and cyclist safety policies in Iran, comparing laws with geometric design rules, analyzing road user behavior, and identifying parameters affecting project safety, with a goal to provide practical solutions. The importance of this issue lies in the high number of pedestrian and cyclist fatalities, lack of comprehensive studies, unreliable accident statistics, and absence of documented safety policies. The current status quo reveals shortcomings in bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure, lack of safety training, non-observance of rules, and inadequate regulations. Through a detailed examination of accident statistics and challenges faced by pedestrians and cyclists, this study seeks to improve road safety measures in Iran.

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Investigation on Road Safety Policies for Pedestrians and Cyclists in Iran

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  1. Title:A survey in understanding why the pedestrians and cyclists safety policies are ineffectiveness in Iran Name: EsfandiarHeidarikani Organisation: Department of Civil Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr Branch, IRAN Event: Australasian Road Safety Conference (ARSC 2015), Gold Coast Date: 14 – 16 of October , 2015

  2. Goals This research: • Compares laws with rules of geometric design • Analyzes the facilities and behavior of road users • Identifies failure parameters that affect the safety of projects • Tries to provide practical solutions

  3. Importance of Issue • Controlling road accidents as a big challenge in modern world • 22% pedestrians, and 5% cyclists deaths per year • 92% of road traffic deaths in low and middle income countries • Millions of pedestrians experience non-fatal injuries, some with permanent disabilities • Incidents cause suffering , grief andeconomic hardship • Pedestrian collisions as evitable accidents, predictable and preventable

  4. Literature review • No comprehensiveand defragmentedstudies • Topic has only been considered in a few thesis • lack of bicycle facilities a reason for nonspecificstudies • Policiesof pedestrian and bicycle facilities are notavailable documented

  5. Facts • Accident statistics are irregular, incorrectand unreliable • Legal Medical Organization is the only legal reference for the number of fatalities andinjuries Some of the key statistics are as follows: • Rate of road accidents is twenty times more than the world’s average • Yearly, road traffic crashes kill nearly 28,000 peopleand injure or disable more than 300,000 • Traffic fatalities cost the economy Six billion USD per year, more than 5% of the country’s GNP

  6. The Status quo 1. Bicycle statistics • Number of bicycles and ownership capitation not available • Most of those are childhood bicycles, for entertainment • Use of safety set is not obligatory for cyclists • No bicycle facilities, no procedures or rules • In Tehran about twenty years ago, 2 km bicycle path established • In some rural roads, the cyclists are permitted to pass the edge and over cross the roads

  7. The Status quo 2. pedestrian 2.1. Urban Area • No continuous network of walk ways • Interruptedpath for both cross passing and along walk ways • Pedestrians not respected at intersections and walk ways • Markings are defected or do not existgenerally • In most cities, pedestrian overpasses are at high speed streets • The reasons for not using: height of stairs, lack of disability supporting equipment, sides fully covered

  8. The Status quo 2.2. Rural Area • Shoulders used by pedestrians • Some pedestrian overpassesare established on the road • People have no interest in using them • Established pedestrian barriers under overpasses • Pedestrian fatal accidents underthose structures • Lack of formal and regular road safety training

  9. Education 1. Regular training • No regular training in all level of ages • Road safety training has a good position in education systems in most of the countries 2. Non regular training • Radio, TV, newspaper and other medias try to trainsafety concepts • No success, without practice, exams, not teaching all the needed aspects responsibly • No specific programs, socialism and journalismaspects more focused on than technical part

  10. Rules observance and enforcement • No prohibitionfor pedestrians to passon different parts of roads • Pedestrian accident even under overpassing, vehicle is responsible • Cyclistsare not responsible for observing rules • Using motorway and walkway on opposite traffic flow • Passing from everywhere they want • Pedestrians and cyclists are never fined

  11. Regulations 1. Pedestrians • Issue number 144, design and regulation, in 1996 • Ministry of Housing and Urban Development issue about pedestrian facilities 2. Bicycles • No bicycle regulations by Iranian Technical Criteria Office • Ministry of Housing and Urban Development issue for bicycle facilities • In publication No.415, 2012, bicycle is a minor subject 3. Subject importance and consideration by authorities • Safe to say that bikes and cyclists are forgottenin Iran

  12. Accident statistic • In a cross-sectional study, of 8323 victims of road traffic accident, pedestrians (41%), motorcyclists (34.1%), car occupants (19.6%), cyclists (3.8%) and others (1.6%) 1. Pedestrian • Not an easy task Obtaining the correct data of pedestrian incidents • Police responsibility for collecting and processing accident data • Difficult and maybeimpossible Access to accidents’ data details • Type of data cannot be usedfor analysis and planning.

  13. Accident statistic • 40% of accidents in urbanareas and 25% in ruralareas • Majority of the accidents have occurred in daytime • 42 fatal accidents in33months on multilane highways and 63fatalaccidents in 19 months on twolanehighways 2. Bikes • Eliminationof bicycles from forms of transportation • Data is fragmented • No choice but usingmotorways in cities result in bike fatal accidents

  14. Safety Policies • Responsibility for regulations and procedures, traffic safety, geometric design, education, traffic control devices • Hard to find a singlecommitted policy with a careful plan • Datacollectionsystem, no networkfor bicyclepathway, no constructionmotivation • Noconstructedbicycle pathway in newtowns • Interruptedpedestriannetwork facilities • Non-specialistauthorities in related offices

  15. Reasons for pedestrian and bicycle safety disorderliness 1. Multidiscipline system • Urban area • Rules on parking, shop charging, commercial tapers • Different levels and high slope on sidewalks • Police interference into their non-duty task, cyclists permitted to use walkway, using walkway as material deposit • Rural area • Functionalhierarchyof highways and interaction with environmental development • Importance of construction of highspeed roads passing over the residential areas • Accessopenings for cross passing, directaccessesto land uses, no control to direct access

  16. Reasons for pedestrian and bicycle safety disorderliness 2. Ignoring Regulations and Procedures • External political, economic and social forces on infrastructurebuilders and operators • These forces result in lower attention to safety and quality of operation 3. Financial source restriction • Effect of financiallimitation in different parts of urban development and constructionsolutions • Operation quality at second stage after infrastructure • Samecondition in all transportationprojects

  17. Reasons for pedestrian and bicycle safety disorderliness 4. Ineffectiveness of authorities' proficiency in related offices • Proficiency is not the nativerule of employment • No sufficient knowledgeand experience in decision making staff • Politicalaspect of employmentoverweight other aspects • No questioning, no evaluation, not afraid of their past, institutionalizeirresponsiblebehavior 5. Ineffectiveness of road rescue • Arrivaltimefifteenminutes • Reasonablecooperationbetween ministries, financialrestrictions,remaininglowlevel

  18. Conclusion • Effect of financialrestrictionon launching projects, importance of infrastructure only, unsuitableposition of quality operation • Authorities impress people by quantity, not quality • No demand for safetysubject from people • No serious regular and irregulartraining for pedestrian and bicycle facility users • Shortage of safetyknowledge in police • No enforcing regulationsand proceduresin pedestrian and bicycle safety

  19. Conclusion • Forgetting bicycles and pedestrians in new multimodal towns, low importance versus vehicle traffic flow • Lack of pedestrian and bicycle facilitiesin' Fifth Five Year Plan Rule,2010 • Not following scientific processes, assigning office positions to non-professionals • Lessening the importance of accident data, ignoring of regulation and rule performance from employees • Transportation and urban managing form a multidiscipline system • Accumulationof safety problems, especially pedestrians and bicycles

  20. References • WHO, Distribution of road traffic deaths by type of road user,(2015), Retrieved from http://www.who.int/gho/road_safety/en/ • WHO, facts on global road safety, (2015),BeginningRetrieved from http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/roadsafety/facts/en • WHO, Pedestrian safety: a road safety manual for decision-makers and practitioners, (2015), Retrieved from http://www.who.int/roadsafety/projects/manuals/pedestrian/en/ • UNICEF, Road Traffic Injuries in Iran and their Prevention, A Worrying Picture,(2015), Retrieved from http://www.unicef.org/iran/media_4783.html • Catchpole, J. & DiPietro, G. (2003). Road safety education in schools: what to do, what not to do. In: Proceedings conference " Road safety research policing and education conference: From research to action", Sydney, Australia. • ROSE 25 Country report the Netherlands, Retrieved from http://www.rose-25.org/data/cpuntry-report/R_Netherlands_new.pdf • West, R., Sammons, P. & West, A. (1993). Effects of a traffic club on road safety knowledge and self-reported behavior of young children and their parents. In: Accident Analysis and Prevention, 25 (5), p. 609-618. • Researches and technical criteria office deputy, pedestrian facilities, publication No.144, 1996, management and planning organization of Iran. • Urban planning and architecture unit, Design standard for roads and streets, section 10, pedestrian facilities, 1996, Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, Iran. • MojganKarbakhsh, MousaZargar , 2007, Road Traffic Accidents in Iran: Results of National Trauma Project in Sina Trauma Research Center, First International Conference on Traffic Accidents, University of Tehran. • HeidariKani, E. (2014). Research and Analysis of effective factors in accidents, and codify procedure for improvement of safety state in Babol-Amol new road. Road and Urban Mazandaran Province Administration, Iran. • DarzitabarShfiy, M. (2013), Investigation and analysis of pedestrian accidents and presentation of some Solutions for decrease of that (acase study on kiakola-joubar road) (2015 Sept.), Master student thesis, Ayatollah Amoli branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran

  21. Contact Details Thanks for your attention • EsfandiarHeidarikani • Civil Engineering Department, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr Branch, IRAN • Mobile : +98 911 3112967 • Fax: +98 11 32644267 • Email: e.heidarik@qaemshahriau.ac.ir eheidarik@hotmail.com

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