Vocabulary • Criminal Case- A court determines whether a person accused of breaking the law is guilty or innocent. • Probable Cause- Facts that support the belief that an individual is guilty. • Bail- Money paid to insure that an individual who has been arrested will appear in court. • Arraignment- Court hearing where defendant pleads guilty or innocent. • Civil Case- A court settles a dispute between two parties. • Plaintiff- The person who brings a complaint to court. • Defendant- The person who answers a complaint in court. • Felony- A serious crime (murder, kidnapping) • Misdemeanors- A less serious crime • Due Process- the constitutional protection against unfair governmental actions and laws. • 5th Amendment- Prohibits unfair acts from the national government. • 14th Amendment- Prohibits unfair acts from state government.

Vocabulary Quiz • ________- A court determines whether a person accused of breaking the law is guilty or innocent. • ________- Facts that support the belief that an individual is guilty. • ________- Money paid to insure that an individual who has been arrested will appear in court. • ________- Court hearing where defendant pleads guilty or innocent. • ________- A court settles a dispute between two parties. • ________- The person who brings a complaint to court. • ________- The person who answers a complaint in court. • ________- A serious crime (murder, kidnapping) • ________- A less serious crime • _________- the constitutional protection against unfair governmental actions and laws. • ________- Prohibits unfair acts from the national government. • ________- Prohibits unfair acts from state government.

Court Questions • What court has the power of Judicial Review? • What court case established Judicial Review? • What type of jurisdiction did the Judiciary Act give the Supreme Court in cases involving gov’t officials? • What type of jurisdiction did the constitution give the Supreme Court cases involving gov’t officials? • In the end, the Judiciary Act was found to be ______, because it was in conflict with the constitution.

Judicial Review p. 2 West • Judicial Review is the power to declare a law or act unconstitutional. • The Supreme Court got the power from their decision in the case Marbury Vs. Madison. • Federal Courts are “the guardians of the constitution” because they make sure no laws or acts go against the constitution. • Constitution is the Supreme Law of the Land

Pg 2 South Questions • What do the police need to arrest a person accused of a crime? • What kind of jury hears evidence and charges the suspect with a crime? • This is where the suspect puts in a plea of guilty or innocent? • If a jury finds the defendant guilty the ______sentences the defendant.

Steps in a Criminal Case 1. Police arrest a suspect in order to arrest a suspect they must have probable cause. 2. Suspect appears in front of a judge who sets bail. The judge does not have to give bail. 3. Grand Jury hears evidence & charges the suspect with the crime. The Grand Jury decides if there is enough evidence to put a person on trial. 4. Arraignment is where the suspect puts in their plea of guilty or innocent & the trial judge sets bail and date. 5. Trial: There is a jury of 12 peers. The only way to be found guilty is to get all 12 votes. * Jury finds the defendant guilty. Judge then sentences defendant. Or * Jury finds the defendant innocent. Defendant then goes free.

Use textbook p. 221 • 2. What is the purpose of our legal system? • 3. What 2 kinds of court cases are heard by federal courts. • 4. Describe the levels of the typical state court system.

10c Guided Reading Use pg. 69 Coachbook • Federal and state courts handle two kinds of cases: ______ cases where crimes have been committed, and civil cases, which involve disputes between two parties. • There are two types of crimes _______ and misdemeanors. • Usually the police obtain _______ before they make an arrest. • They may arrest someone without a warrant if they have _____ ______. • The suspect may be released if the judge sets _____ otherwise the suspect is jailed. • During the arraignment process, if the defendant pleads not guilty, a _____ date is set. • After the ____ is presented in a trial, the jury or judge finds the defendant guilty or innocent. • Police _______ a suspect is the first step in the criminal case. • An ________ comes before the trial. • If the jury finds the defendant not guilty, then the defendant is set ________.

Civil Cases & Juvenile Cases Civil Cases • The plantiff files a complaint to recover damages or receive compensation. • Case can be heard by a judge or a jury. • Case can be be appealed to the Court of Appeals and the Supreme Court. Juvenile Case • Cases involving people under the age of 18 • Judges have greater latitude in handling Juvenile Cases. • Juveniles who commit serious crimes can be tried as adults.

10d Notes • Terms to know • due process of law: The constitutional protection against unfair governmental actions and laws • Due process protections • The 5th Amendment prohibits the national government from acting in an unfair manner • The 14th Amendment prohibits state and local governments from acting in an unfair manner • The Supreme Court has extended the guarantees of the Bill of Rights, based upon the due process clause.

Table of Contents